英语国家概况Chapter-6

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter6LiteratureTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressCONTENTTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)ITheRenaissance(1500-1660)IITheNeo-ClassicalPeriod(1660-1785)IIITheRomanticPeriod(1785-1830)IVTheVictorianPeriod(1832-1901)VForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)I1.1GeneralKnowledge1.2TheOldEnglishPeriod1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriodForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.1GeneralKnowledgeInpractice,worksofliteraturefallintofourcategoriesorgenres:poetrydramaFiction/novelProse/essayForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.2TheOldEnglishPeriodOldEnglish:theepicBeowulf：folklegendofAnglo-Saxons传说讲述Beowulf是位非常强而有力的人,当时有一只丑陋而可怕的怪物Grendel在四出破坏及吃人。Beowulf与物恶斗后将它杀死了。Grendel的母亲对此怀恨在心...于是待Beowulf年老后去找他偿命,Grendel的母亲将Beowulf拖进其湖底的巢穴并廝杀。最后被Beowulf用剑把她的头砍下来，他在湖底找刭Grendel的尸体,也把他的头砍了带走。Hrothgar王对他感激不已,送了他许多酬赏。但好景不长,有人从一巨龙之穴偷走了一个金杯,令巨龙极为愤怒。於是它四出捣乱及烧毁村庄,令人民生活大受影响。年老的Beowulf再次堤起他的剑与外甥Wiglaf一起去对付巨龙(其他人太害怕巨龙而没人敢帮助他...),大战过后巨龙终被他俩所杀,但Beowulf也因伤重而死。ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.2TheOldEnglishPeriodWiglaf在诗中最后对那些不敢战斗如懦夫般的战士的话：Soitisgoodbyetoallyouknowandloveonyourhomeground,theopen-handedness,thegivingofwarswords.Everyoneofyouwithfreeholdsofland,ourwholenation,willbedispossessed,once-princesfrombeyondgettidingsofhowyouturnedandfledanddisgracedyourselves.Awarriorwillsoonerdiethanlivealifeofshame.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod(1066-1485).MiddleEnglish:GeoffreyChaucerTheCanterburyTales作品描写一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故事，如：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod(1066-1485).作品广泛地反映了当时的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheRenaissance(1500-1660)2.1GeneralKnowledge2.2WilliamShakespeareIIForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressIntellecturalmovement:Renaissance文艺复兴admirationoftheGreekandLatinclassicworks.sonnet(十四行诗)drama•Thedramatypesaretragedy,comedy.2.1GeneralKnowledgeForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Shakespeare’sBirthplaceForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheGlobeTheatre：rebuiltnearitsoriginallocationonthesouthbankoftheThamesRiverinLondon.2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressSonnet《莎士比亚十四行诗集》:154首诗，作于1592年至1598年“莎士比亚体”（Shakespearean），由三节四行诗和两行对句组成，每行10个音节韵式Rhyme为ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG。ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressSonnet141InfaithIdonotlovetheewithmineeyes,Fortheyintheeathousanderrorsnote;But`tismyheartthatloveswhattheydespise,Whoindespiteofviewispleasedtodote.Noraremineearswiththytongue`stunedelighted;Nortenderfeelingtobasetouchesprone,Nortaste,norsmell,desiretobeinvitedToanysensualfeastwiththeealone.Butmyfivewits,normyfivesensescanDissuadeonefoolishheartfromservingthee,Wholeavesunswayedthelikenessofaman,Thyproudheart`sslaveandvassalwretchtobe.OnlymyplaguethusfarIcountmygain,Thatshethatmakesmesinawardsmepain.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressComedy:爱情、友谊、婚姻■AMidsummerNight’sDream(1595)■MerchantofVenice(1598)■AsYouLikeIt(1599)■TwelfthNight(1601)DramaDrama:37---Comedy,histaricalplay,tragedyForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Tragedies:RomeoandJuliet(1595)Hamlet(1601)Othello(1604)KingLear(1605)Macbeth(1606)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhichplayisregardedasamilestoneinShakespeare’sdramaticdevelopment?A:Hamlet.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Tobe,ornottobe(fromHamlet3/1)Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhatmakesShakespearesofamous?A:Hisgreatunderstandingofhumannatureandhisabilitytofinduniversalhumanqualitiesandtoputthemindramaticsituations.人与宇宙、人性、灵与肉、人生终极目标等根本性的问题，属于超道德的范畴ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheNeo-classicalPeriod(1660-1785)III3.1HistoricalBackground3.2RepresentativesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressThe17thcentury:theBourgeoisRevolutionJohnMilton:ParadiseLost(失乐园)揭示了人的原罪与堕落。诗中叛逆之神撒旦，因为反抗上帝的权威被打入地狱，却毫不屈服，为复仇寻至伊甸园。亚当与夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引诱，偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的分辨善恶的树上的果子。最终，撒旦及其同伙遭谴全变成了蛇，亚当与夏娃被逐出了伊甸园。该诗体现了诗人追求自由的崇高精神3.1HistoricalBackgroundForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress3.1HistoricalBackgroundThe18thcentury:PeacefuldevelopmentTheIndustrialRevolutionClassicism：Ale