新版GMAT语法讲义-(修复的)

GMAT语法主讲：赵丽欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材教材说明：老师主要讲解的是蓝皮书：《商学院入学考试指导【中】》云南教育出版社出版黄皮书：GMAT官方指南1.GMAT语法介绍1.1自我介绍---赵丽1.2GMAT语法课程介绍1.GMAT介绍第一部分：作文部分IssueandArgument第二部分：ProblemsolvingandDatesufficiency第三部分：Verbalsection：ReadingcomprehensionCriticalreasoningSentencecorrection2．上课要求：讲什么记什么3.课程设置：1.总述2.解题步骤3.解题两大原则4.十五点倾向性5.四大出题原则6.四大语法现象4.GMAT总纲Sentencecorrectionquestionspresentasentence,partorallofwhichisunderlined.Beneaththesentence,youwillfindfivewaysofphrasingtheunderlinedpassage.Thefirstanswerchoicerepeatstheoriginal;theotherfouraredifferent.Ifyouthinktheoriginalphrasingisbest,choosethefirstanswer,otherwisechooseoneoftheothers.例：黄皮书P638第一题Althoughasurgeinretailsaleshaveraisedhopesthatthereisarecoveryfinallyunderway,manyeconomistssaythatwithoutalargeamountofspendingtherecoverymightnotlast.(A)haveraisedhopesthatthereisarecoveryfinally(B)raisedhopesfortherebeingarecoveryfinally(C)hadraisedhopesforarecoveryfinallybeing(D)hasraisedhopesthatarecoveryisfinally(E)raisedhopesforarecoveryfinallyThistypeofquestiontestsyourabilitytorecognizethecorrectnessandeffectivenessofexpressioninstandardwrittenEnglish.Inchoosingyouranswer,followtherequirementsofstandardwrittenEnglish;thatis,payattentiontogrammar,choiceofwords,andsentenceconstruction.Choosetheanswerthatproducesthemosteffectivesentence;thisanswershouldbeclearandexact,withoutawkwardness,ambiguity,redundancy,orgram---maticalerror.1.3GMAT解题步骤例：蓝皮书P2891.ResearchersatCornelluniversityhavedemonstratedthathomingpigeonscansensechangesintheearth'sfield,seelightwavesthatpeoplecannotsee,detectlow-frequencysoundsfrommilesaway,sensechangesinairpressure,andcanidentifyfamiliarodors.例：蓝皮书P2892.AmongthereasonsforthedeclineofNewEnglandagricultureinthelasttheredecadeswerethehighcostofland,thepressureofhousingandcommercialdevelopment,andbasingamarketinganddistributionsystemonimportingproducefromFloridaandCali---fornia.例：蓝皮书P241第2题Since1981,whenthefarmdepressionbegan,thenumberofacresoverseenbyprofessionalfarm-managementcompanoeshavegrown48milliontonearly59million,anareathatisaboutColaorado'ssize.(A)havegrownfrom48milliontonearly59million,anareathatisaboutColorado'ssize(B)havegrownfrom48milliontonearly59million,aboutthesizeofColorado(C)hasgrownfrom48milliontonearly59million,anareaaboutthesizeofColorado(D)hasgrownfrom48millionuptonearly59million,anareaaboutthesizeofColorado's(E)hasgrownfrom48millionuptonearly59million,aboutColorado'ssize2.GMAT解题两大规则：2.1忠实原文。第一：强烈语气要保留例1：蓝皮书P243第10题HowevermuchUnitedStatesvotersmayagreethatthereiswasteingovernmentandthatthegovernmentasawholespendsbeyonditsmeans,itisdifficulttofindbroadsupportforamovementtowardaminimalstate.(A)HowevermuchUnitedStatesvotersmayagreethat(B)DespitetheagreementamongUnitedStatesvoterstothefact(C)AlthoughUnitedStatesvotersagree(D)EventhoughUnitedStatesvotersmayagree(E)ThereisagreementamongUnitedStatesvotersthatHowevermuch–强烈语气例2：蓝皮书P254第51题WhileJackieRobinsonwasaBrooklynDodger,hiscourageinthefaceofphysicalthreatsandverbalattackswasnotunlikethatofRosaParks,whorefusetomovetothebackofabusinMontgomery,Alabama.(A)notunlikethatofRosaParks,whorefused(B)notunlikeRosaParks,whorefused(C)likeRosaParksandherrefusal(D)likethatofRosaParksforrefusing(E)asthatofRosaParks,whorefusedThatofRosaParks–comparingcouragenotpeopleNotunlike!=like第二：不能随便改变句子的中心。从句不能变主句，主句不能变从句例：蓝皮书P245第18题EachofHemingway'swives---HadleyRichardson,Pfeiffer,MarthaGelhom,andMaryWelsh----werestrongandinterestingwomen,verydifferentfromtheoftenpallidwomenwhopopulatehisnovels.(A)EachofHemingway'swives—HadleyRichardson,PaulinePfeiffer,MarthaGelhorn,andMaryWelsh—werestrongandinterestingwomen,(B)HadleyRichardson,PaulinePfeiffer,MarthaGelhorn,andMaryWelsh—eachofthemHemingway'swives—werestrongandinterestingwomen,(C)Hemingway'swives—HadleyRichardson,PaulinePfeiffer,MarthaGelhorn,andMaryWelsh—wereallstrongandinterestingwomen,(D)Strongandinterestingwomen—HadleyRichardson,PaulinePfeiffer,MarthaGelhorn,andMaryWelsh—eachawifeofhemingway,was(E)Strongandinterestingwomen—HadleyRichardson,PaulinePfeiffer,MarthaGelhorn,andMaryWelsh—everyoneofHemingway'swiveswereeach–wereiswrong.CenteratHemingway’swives.InB,thereisanextrathem第三：修饰语的谓语动词不能随意省略、添加或改变。修饰语的词性也不能随意改变。例：蓝皮书P250第37题：Whichsomeacademiciansbelievethatbusinessethicsshouldbeintegratedintoeverybusinesscourse,otherssaythatstudentswilltakeethicsseriouslyonlyifitwouldbetaughtasaseparatelyrequiredcourse.(A)onlyifitwouldbetaughtasaseparatelyrequiredcourse(B)onlyifitistaughtasaseparate,requiredcourse(C)ifitistaughtonlyasarequiredcourseseparately(D)ifitwastaughtonlyasaseparateandrequiredcourse(E)ifitwouldonlybetaughtasarequiredcourse,separately时间状语从句与条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时。第四：原文的时态不能轻易改变。例：蓝皮书P250第36题：Bufomarinustoads,fiercepredatorstheywilleatfrogs,lizards,andevensmallbirds,arenativetoSouthAmericabutwereintroducedintoFloridaduringthe1930'sinanattempttocontrolpestsinthestate'svastsugarcanefields.(A)arenativetoSouthAmericabutwereintroducedintoFloridaduringthe1930'sinanattempttocontrol(B)arenativeinSouthAmericabutwereintroducedintoFloridaduringthe1930'sasattempttocontrol(C)a