长江干流地区区域发展与国家工业化

:100428227(2005)0520633205,3(,100101):,(),,(640)(),,(),,21(),,,(),:;;:A,,[1,2]5,,,,80%1,150km2:80006000,(1),[3]1Fig.1OriginalChina’sAgriculturalCentres1.1,,2200,[4],(),,():2005204211;:2005205228:(1951),,,,,.3:[e-mail]14520059ResourcesandEnvironmentintheYangtzeBasinVol.14No.5Sep.200510%,(1060477)50%(265316),1500,,[5]317,(),(317420),,1415,,,,,,(618907),(23)[6],(16441911),1894,()()15001000,,,,(18511869),20,(1911)(19111927)(19371945)(19471949),[7](23)1.2,,2(500BC1947)Fig.2AChangingPatternofPopulationDistributioninChina(550BC1947AD)3(500BC1947)Fig.3AChangedPatternofLocalRevenueContributiontothecountry(550BC1947AD),80%3,,2117,1621,1392,1.42[8],400mm,400mm,,400mm,,,400mm,,400mm,400mm43614(),,[9]2:2.1200,2050,50,,,,:(GDP)195240.9%200044.8%(1952,),,195241%200038%,(GDP)195221.9%200019.5%(4)4(19522000,1952)Fig.4AComparisonofContributiontotheNationalEconomyBetweentheYangtzeRiverBasin&theYellowRiverBasin(19522000,at1952Price),195236%200044.3%,8,195241%42.8%200037.4%42%,3.60.8(5)5(19522000,1952)Fig.5OutputandStructuralChangeofYRBintheNationalEconomy(19522000,at1952Price),3,2700,50%;,1200;,1000,50%(GDP)40%2.22080,:,,;,,(),,19801995,,,,5365:2090,,()1992,1410,,[1012],1992570(1990),,600km,1t,,,750,,,[13],,2070,,,1985,3400,2000,2000,GDP15934.0(1952),(GDP)44%,19903,,1991200010,2.97,(2.86)43,,,,,,,1972161997267,,20031227,2050,:448m3,5000,1300km,,,,,,,,,,,:[1].[M].:63614,2003.[2],,.21[M].:,2003.[3],.[M].:,1997.[4].[M].:,1999.[5].[M].:,1997.[6].[M].:,1967.[7].:[M].:,1997.[8]RayHuang.China:AMacroHistory[M].NewYork:AnEastBook,MESharpe,IncArmonk,1992.[9],,.:[M].:,1996.[10].[M].:,1999.[11].[M]:,1999.[12],.[M].:,1999.REGIONALDEVELOPMENTINTHEYANGTZEBASINANDCHINASINDUSTRIALIZATIONZHANGLei,WUYing2mei(InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,TheChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China)Abstract:Therehasnocountrythatcansurvivewithoutaccesstowaterresources.Riverbasins,asthekeybodiesofwaterresources,arethesourceofhumancivilizations.ItisparticularlytrueforChina,whichisoneofthefourancientcivilizationsandthemostpopulatedcountryintheworldtoday.TheYan2gtzeBasin(YB)startedtotakeovertheYellowRiverBasinasthecenterofChina’sagro2economicactivi2tiesaftertheTangDensity(640A.D.)duetotheclimatechange.Despiteofunfavourabledevelopmentpoliciesinacertainperiod,YBhasagainplayedakeyroleinthenationaleconomicgrowthwhenthenewrepublicsetsitstasktopursuitindustrializationsincetheearly1950sbecauseofitsgoodlocationandhighqualityofhumanresources.ItisexpectedthatYangtzeBasinwouldhavetobefunctionedmorethanex2pected,especiallyinthedevelopmentofheavy2chemicalindustry.Undoubtedly,geographicalconditionwillcontinuallyplayasakeyfactorwhentheclimatechangeisunfavourabletothenortharidland.AsthemostcrowdedareainChina,however,YBhasalreadyfacedgreatchallengesitself,suchassoilerosioninitsupperstream,airpollutioninitsurbanareas,energyshortageforthewholeregion,theconflictoflandusebetweenruralareaandthecities,etc.Alltheseproblemscouldbehandledbysustainableregionalde2velopmentpolicies.Keywords:theYangtzeBasin;regionaldevelopment;nationalindustrialization7365: