猪粪和锯末联合堆肥的中试研究

张相锋,王洪涛,聂永丰,殷勇(,100084):3,,15d;,30dpH,3,,45d,:;;;:X71;S141:A:1001-5906(2002)04-0019-04CompostingPigManurewithSawdustonaPilotScale.ZhangXiangfengetal(DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,BEIJING100084):RuralEcoEnvironment,2002,18(4):19-22Abstract:Preparationofcompostofpigmanureandsawdustmixturewasstudied.Themixturewasdesignedtohavethreeratios.Fortheprimaryfermentation,astaticaerobiccompostingsystemwithtemperaturebasedfeedbackcontrollingaerationratewasusedandlastedfor15days.Andforthesecondaryfermentation,windrowcompostingwasadopted,withthepileturnedupperiodically.Thisstagelastedfor30days.Changesintemperature,moisture,organicmatterandpHweremonitoredduringtheentireprocess.Analysisofdecomposabilityandnutrientcontentsofthecompostsofthreedifferentratiosshowedthatendproductsofthecompostingwerebiostableandabundantinnutrientsandthatthehigherthenutrientcontentofpigmanure,thehigherthenutrientcontentincompost.Thisshowsthatcompostingofmixtureofpigmanureandsawdustcanproducehighqualitycompostbyoptimizingthecompostingprocessfor45days.Keywords:pigmanure;sawdust;composting;temperaturebasedfeedback,,,11.1,,13(113#125#131#)2650gkg-1,21.21212,45d,,11m,2m1m,2m3,[1]700gkg-1,,500gkg-1:(K99-05-35-02):2002-04-17农村生态环境2002,18(4):19-22RuralEcoEnvironment,65!,1(60~70!),3d,;,,2(50~60!),[2],15d12,2,50cm,1,30d1Table1Propertiesofmaterialsintest/%/%/gkg-1C/NTN/gkg-1TP/gkg-1TK/gkg-1/mgkg-1/mgkg-173277501612771030620991450300152()Table2Propertiesandratioofthemixture(massratio)∀/%/%/gkg-1113#70∀3080.819.2676125#60∀4083.416.6661131#80∀2078.221.8650(),,122pH,Muffle550!10h;pHpH;105!24h[3]NO3--NNH4+-NNH4+/NO3-[4]NH4+-NNO3--N1molL-1KCl1h,,045m,[3]22.131145dFig.1Changeintemperatureofthecompostingpileinthe45days1,33460!,55!7~10d(USEPA),,3d55!,[5]131#55!10d,113#125#7d,,;,,,,20农村生态环境18,,,113#125#,131#,,131#,1,345!2,,2,,,2.2245dFig.2Changeinmoisturecontentofthecompostingpileinthe45days113#125#,,,,131#,5d500gkg-1(2),,,650gkg-1,(1)1,550gkg-12,650gkg-130d2,550gkg-1,550~650gkg-11,,,2.3pHpH3,pH60~85[6],pH6~71,,,pH1,pH6~687,8;2,,,pH,73pH345dpHFig.3ChangeinpHofthecompostingpileinthe45days2.43,,,3,,,,214:3/gkg-1Table3Changeinorganicmatterinthecompost45d113#808785125#834804131#7827752.5245,3,,,4Table4Decomposabilityoftheendproductsofcomposting/mgkg-1[4]/mgkg-1NH4+/NO3-[4]113#175.5400619.90.080.16125#46.3400669.60.020.16131#242.3400475.50.150.165/gkg-1Table5NutrientcontentsoftheendproductsofcompostingTNTPTK113#6.215.294.8641.421.023.1125#5.883.774.1031.618.513.1131#7.795.104.1142.626.715.93,,,650~700gkg-11,500gkg-1,,3,1,2,45d,,113#,,:[1]StentifordEI.Compostingcontrol:principlesandpractice[M]//deBertoldiM,SequiP,LemmesB,etal.Thescienceofcomposting.PartI.London:ChapmanandHall,1996:49-59[2]MacGregorST,MillerFC,PsarianosKM,etal.Compostingprocesscontrolbasedoninteractionbetweenmicrobialheatoutputandtemperature[J]AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology,1981,41(6):1321-1330[3]TiquiaSM,TamNFY,HodgkissIJ.Changesinchemicalpropertiesduringcompostingofspentpiglitteratdifferentmoisturecontents[J].Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,1998,67:79-89[4]BernalMP,ParedesC,SanchezMonederoMA,etal.Maturityandstabilityparametersofcompostspreparedwithawiderangeoforganicwastes[J].BioresourceTechnology,1998,63:91-99[5]USEPA.Composting:yardtrimmingsandmunicipalsolidwaste[Z].USEPA.530-R-94-003.1993[6]HaugRT.Thepracticalhandbookofcompostengineering[M].USA:LewisPublishers,1993:(1973#),,,22农村生态环境18