高中英语复习《非谓语动词用法》PPT课件

非谓语动词一、认识非谓语动词1.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV.2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier.3.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherselfheard.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.非谓语动词动词不定式分词动名词现在分词过去分词三、动词不定式（短语）(1)不定式的基本形式是“（to+）动词原形”(2)不定式的句法作用1.作主语Toaskhimforhelpisnecessary.Itisnecessarytoaskhimforhelp.Tohelppoorpeopleisourduty.Itisourdutytohelppoorpeople.Ittookustwohourstogettherebybike.2.作表语Herwishistobecomeapopsinger.(Tobecomeapopsingerisherwish.)Whathewantedtodothenwas(to)gooutforawalk.(Togooutforawalkwaswhathewantedtodothen.)3.作宾语Iexpecttoseeyoutomorrow.Shewantedtoborrowmydictionary.Ourteacherhelped(to)cleantheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.☆能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want,like,wish,hope,continue,manage,try,offer,start,forget,remember,decide,agree,learn,pretend,mean,expect,desire,promise，help等。IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.Wethoughtitbettertostartearly.Ifeelitmydutytohelpmyclassmateswhiletheyareintrouble.☆形式主语和形式宾语只能用it来充当。Doyouthinkthatnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage?it×4.作定语Ihavealotofworktodothisweek.Isthereanythingtosayforyourself?Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.Theexaminationiscoming.Buthecan’tfindaquietroomtostudyin.☆不定式只能作后置定语。☆不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系，因此有时须在不定式后加上适当的介词以保证这种关系成立。5.作状语Hewenthometoseehisparents.Idecidedtoworkharder(inorder/soas)tocatchupwithmyclassmates.To(Inorderto)catchupwithmyclassmates,Idecidedtoworkharder.Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Thisbookiseasyenoughformetoread.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.6.补语（宾补、主补）Theteacheraskedusnottomakesomuchnoise.Sheissaidtobeafamouswriter.Ican’thelpyou(to)cleantheroom.I’mbusynow.Isawherwalkintothehalljustnow.动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用动词原形时，表示动作的整个过程Hesawagirlgettingonthebus.他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。Hesawagirlgetonthebusanddriveoff.他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。（3）不定式的几种特殊形式★连接代词/连接副词+动词不定式Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Hermotherdidn’tknow___toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.Whattodonextisstillunknowntome.Myquestioniswhattodonext.☆不定式的复合结构Itisimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisimportantforus.Itisunwiseofhimtogotherealone.Heisunwisetogotherealone.of表示人的内在特征、性格等，与某个具体的人有关，如nice,foolish,honest,wise等，而当强调某事怎样时，常用for,如important,necessary,等四、分词（短语）现在分词及物动词write不及物v.go主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeingwrittengoing完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenhavinggone(1)现在分词的基本形式(2)过去分词的基本形式规则动词+ed/…(3)现在分词的句法功能1.作定语Thegirlstandingatthegateismysister.Thedancinggirlismysister.Thefactorymakingthesepensisasmallone.Welivedinaroomfacingthesouth.★位置（分词和分词短语）★动作的时态含义/定语从句转换2.表语Thestorysoundsinteresting.Thenewsisverydisappointing.现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有特征.常见的词有：exciting,interesting,discouraging,encouraging,puzzling,surprising,confusing,astonishing,shocking,inviting,charming等3.作补语现在分词常可用在see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,have等后面作宾补。Weheardhimsinginginthenextroom.Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.比较：Isawhimwalkintotheroom.Isawhimwalkingintotheroom.Hewasseentowalkintotheroom.Hewasseenwalkingintotheroom.4.作状语表示原因、时间、方式、伴随、结果或条件Beingill,shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.Havingfinishedhishomework,helefttheclass-room._____(walk)inthestreet,Imetafriendofmine._____(hear)thegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy._____(notreceive)ananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.Walking;Hearing;Nothavingreceived(4)过去分词的句法功能跟现在分词一样，过去分词在句中可以充当定语、表语、补语和状语，但其形式要简单的多.developedcountriesfallenleavesunknownheroesboiledwatertherisensunreturnedstudentsescapedprisonersspokenEnglish五、动名词（短语）（1）基本形式v-ing（2）句法功能：主语、表语、宾语（动宾、介宾）和定语。1.作主语Learningnewwordsisveryusefultome.Readingaloudinthereading-roomisabadhabit.特殊结构：Itisnouse/nogood/useless/fun/awasteoftime…doingsth.2.作表语Hisfavoritesportisswimming.MyjobisteachingEnglish.比较：Heiscollectingstamps.Hisjobiscollectingstamps.Thestorysoundsquitemoving.Herwishistobecomeapopsinger.Theyaretogoshoppingthisafternoon.3.作宾语Ienjoylisteningtomusic.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?必背只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免putoff推迟keep保持consider考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶resist抵制mention提及enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅practice练习mind介意fancy想不到feellike意欲finish完成risk冒险include包括forgive原谅giveup放弃suggest建议miss逃过imagine设想cannothelp情不自禁☆need,require,want作“需要”解时，后面接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用动词-ing形式比较普通。need/require/wanttobedone=need/require/wantdoingYourcompositionneedscorrecting/tobecorrected.你的作文需要修改。Hiscoatwantscleaning/tobecleaned.他的外套需要洗了。Theoldwomanrequireslookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.这个老大娘需要细心地照料。2作介词宾语动词-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。下列动词或词组既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。forgettodosth./doingsth.忘记要做某事/忘记做过某事remembertodosth./doingsth.记得要做某事/记得做过某事regrettodosth./doingsth.遗憾地做某事/后悔做过某事trytodosth.设法做某事trydoingsth.试一试做某事stoptodosth.停下去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事meantodosth.意欲做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Pleaseremember____(post)theletterforme.Iremember____(put)theletteronthedesk;butIcan’tfinditnow.Iamtoobusynow,soIcan’thelp____(solve)theproblemforyou.Iregret___(tell)youthatyoufailedtheexamagain.Iregret___(say)suchruderemarkstoher,butIdidn’tmean____(hurt)her.topostputtingtosolvetotellsayingtohurtSheleftwith