高中英语被动语态

被动语态一.被动语态谓语部分的构成:be+P.P二.各种时态被动语态谓语部分的构成1.一般现在时:is/am/are+P.PHeteachesEnglish.-----2.一般过去时:was/were+P.PHesawthefilmyesterday.----3.现在进行时:amis+being+P.PareHeiswritingaletter.----Englishistaughtbyhim.Thefilmwasseen.Aletterisbeingwritten.4.过去进行时:was/were++being+P.PHewassingingthenewsongat7yesterday.--------5.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+P.PWehavecarriedtheplanout.----6.过去完成时:hadbeen+P.PHehadwashedtheclotheswhenIcameback.-----7.一般将来时：1)will/shallbe+P.PHewillhelpyou.Thenewsongwasbeingsungbyhim.Theplanhasbeencarriedout.TheclotheshadbeenwashedwhenIcameback.Youwillbehelpedbyhim.2).begoingtobedoneWearegoingtofinishtheworkontime.8.含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must…be+P.PWemustloveourhometown.9.特殊结的被动语态:have/hastobedoneseemtobedonewantsthtobedonehappentobedoneasksthtobedonepretendtobedonebehappytobedoneletsthbedoneTheworkisgoingtobedonebyusontime.Ourhometownmustbelovedbyus.三.被动语态的运用：1.当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主,谓之间的关系称为主动语态;当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。1).动词say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know,consider,hope,suggest等以it作形式主语时用被动语态，后面接that从句.Peoplehopethatallofuscangotocollege.Itishopedthatallofuscangotocollege.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)putofftheEnglishSpeechContest.2).Itisknown_____allofusthattheearthisround.to英语中一般用来by表示动作的执行者,但know除外,它要用介词toHangzhouisknown____ascenicspot,especiallyitisknown_______theWestLake,whichisknown_______theworld.2.并非所有的动词都能用于被动语态中.一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。下列情况一般不用于被动语态中.asforto1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die,disappear,takeplacehappen,last,remain,fallasleep,spread,stand,sit,breakout,fail,lieend(vi.结束),keepsilence,cometrue,loseheart,判断正误()Thepricehasbeenrisen.()Thepricehasrisen.()Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.()Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.()Thepricehasbeenraised()Thepricehasraised.()Pleasebeseated.()Pleaseseat.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。FTFTFTFT2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词语fit,have,hold(容纳),agreewith,wish,cost,arriveat/in,shakehands,own,marry,succeedin,sufferfrom,enter,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,remain,look,seem,smell,sound,be,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词(oneself)，相互代词(eachother,oneanother)，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。()Shelikestoswim.()ToswimislikedbyherTF3.下列情况一般用于被动语态中.1）不清楚动作的执行者是谁例如Thefrontwindowintheclassroomwasbrokenyesterday.Thetime-tablehasbeenchanged.时间表已变动了。Wehaven‘tbeeninformedofit.还没有人通知我们这事2)说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者）MyTVsetisbeingrepairedintheshop.我的电视机正在这店里修。Thesebooksarewrittenespeciallyforchildren.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。Thesongwascomposedbyayoungworker.这首歌是一位年青工人谱写的。3)不愿意说出动作的执行者,其目的是为了使语言得体,圆滑等.在这种情况下,有时常用一些句式，“Itissaidthat…”（据说……），“Itisreportedthat…”（据报道……），“Itisrumouredthat…”（据传言……）等等。Youarerequestedtomakeaspeechatnextmeeting.Itissaidthatsheisgoingtobemarriedtoaforeigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。Itisrumoredthathehasbeenappointedassuccessortothepresidentofourcompany.据传闻，他已任命为我们公司总裁的接班人了。Itisgenerallyconsideredimpolitetoaskone’sage,salary,marriage,etc.问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。4)出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子Theprofessorcametoourschoolandwaswarmlywelcomedbytheteachersandstudents.（句子的后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语.那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。Iwenttothepartyandwasaskedbymyfriendstodosomecookingforthem.我去参加了那个聚会,朋友们还请我为他们烧了几样菜Thenotionisespeciallyopposedtobythosewhohaveinvestedmuchinthearea.（此句若选those作主语，就会使主语与谓语相距太远而显得句子松散，因为它的定太长了。）这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。4.这里我们还要进一步谈谈几种特殊的被动结构。1）关于带情态动词的被动结构带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。也有个别带“to”的情态动词例外，如：oughtto和haveto，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中,即ought/havetobedoneThedebtmustbepaidoffbeforenextmonth.那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。Thedebthastobepaidoffbeforenextmonth.那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。Oilcanbeturnedintoenergybyburningit.油经过燃烧可变为能原。Yououghttobecriticizedforyourcarelessness.你由于粗心大意应当受到批评。2)关于带有两个宾语的主动态变成被动态我们看看“带有两个宾语的主动态句子的结构”，重点看谓语部分：Shesentmeanovelonmybirthday.SVOiOdAdv.Iallowedhimanhourtofinishthework.SVOdDiAdv.从上面的分析可以看出，两个宾语分别是：直接宾语和间接宾语。将这种主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。但有一点要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作“主语”，有时要在被动态句子的“保留宾语”前加上合适的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，givesbsth,sendsbsth,buysbsth；givesthtosb,sendsthtosb,buysthforsb请看下面两种情况的对照：Shesentmeanovelonmybirthday.(主动)Mybrotherboughtmeawatchyesterday.(主动)Iwassentanovelonmybirthday.(被动)Anovelwassenttomeonmybirthday.(被动)Iwasboughtawatchyesterday.(被动)Awatchwasboughtformebymybrotheryesterday.(被动)3)关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态如果将带有复合宾语（既：宾语+宾语补足语）的主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动态句子的主语；而这时，原句里的宾语补足语,保持不变,现在就变成被动态句子的主语补足语了。例如：Thestorymadeuslaugh.(宾语补足语)Theyaskedmetohelpthem.(宾语补足语)Wesawthemcomingover.(宾语补足语)Weweremadetolaughbythestory.(主语补足语)Iwasaskedtohelpthem.(主语补足语)Theywereseencomingover.(主语补足语)1.______thatanewproject____inourtown.A.Itisbelieved,willbestartedB.Wearebelieved,willbeopenedC.Itbelieves,willstartD.Webelieved,willbestarted2.Thiscollectionofshortstoriesissaid_____intoatleastfiveforeignlanguagesinthepastfewyears.A.totranslateB.tobetranslateC.tohavetranslatedD.tohavebeentranslated3.Wewould______ifyouwouldvisitus.A.honourB.behonouredC.behonouringD.honour