高速列车技术发展

高速列车电技术的发展DevelopmentofElectricTechnologyforHighSpeedTrain1.高速铁路网的跨越式发展催生了高速列车技术的跨越式发展(TheLeap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedrailwaylinesleadstotheleap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedtraintechnologies)高速铁路是现代文明社会的一个梦，地球上不少地方已圆了这个梦，中国也是的！(High-speedrailwayisadreamofmoderncivilizedsociety,whichhascometrueinmanycountries.SohasinChina!)★2010年铁路运营里程9万公里以上(Operationrailwaymileagein2010reaches90,000km);★快速客运网总规模2万公里以上(Fastpassengerlineaslongas20,000km)★运行速度250Km/h以上(Runningspeedashighas250km/handup)★投资总额2万亿RMB以上：2007～2012干线网，2012～2020支线网。(Totalinvestmenttopsover2000billionRMBYuan:formainlinefrom2007to2012,forbranchlinefrom2012to2020)。“中长期铁路网规划”“Mid-to-longTermPlanofRailwayLine”高速铁路客运网(High-speedPassengerLine)—“四纵四横”骨架与客运专线(-FourLongitudinalLines&FourLateralLinesandtheDedicatedPassengerLine：Framework)“四纵(FourLongitudinal)”北京—上海（1318Km）北京—武汉—深圳（2260Km）北京—哈尔滨（1700Km）杭州—福州—深圳（1600Km）“四横(FourLateral)”：徐州—兰州（1400Km）杭州—长沙（880Km）青岛—石家庄—太原（770Km）南京—武汉—成都（1600Km）2.梦幻列车驰骋神州(Trains,withyourdreams,runovermainlandChina)高速铁路网主要包括(High-speedrailwaynetcomposedof)：-高品质的工务基础设施(Top-qualityengineeringfundamentalinfrastructure)-先进的动力设备和列车(Advancedpowerequipmentandtrain)-信号传输(Signaltransmission)-牵引供电系统(Tractionpowersupplysystem)-快速指挥调度管理系统(Fastdispatchandmanagementsystem)-综合服务系统(Comprehensiveservicesystem)“和谐”号（CRH）高速列车CRHHigh-speedTrain(TrainofHarmony)制造过程中十余个省、一百余个企业对约145个子系统、1.2万个零部件的和谐合作；Harmonybetweenhuman-beings:inharmonyisthecooperationofabouttenprovincesandonehundredcompanieson145sub-systemsand12000componentsduringtheproduction;运营过程中服务质量与乘客文明素质的和谐。inharmonyistheservicequalityandpassengerqualityduringoperation.人与自然的和谐：节能、环保(Harmonybetweenhuman-beingandnature:energy-saving,environmentalfriendly)3.上下求索之路（RoadtoPursuetheTruthintheWorld）增强自主创新能力，掌握核心技术；（Enhancingtheindependentinnovativecapability,mastercoretechnologies。）把原始创新、集成创新、引进消化吸收再创新相结合，螺旋式前进。（Combiningoriginalinnovation、integratedinnovationaswellasre-innovationbasedonintroductionandabsorption,forspiralimprovement，spiralingforward。）3.1自主开发(Self-development)3.2吸收再创新(AbsorptionandRe-innovation)“引进先进技术、联合设计制造、打造中国品牌”，借鉴并吸收世界先进文明成果，掌握高速列车的关键技术。通过再创新，建立了“和谐号”产品系列和技术体系。(“Introductionoftoptechnologies,jointdesignandproduction,buildingofChinesebrand”.Tograspthecritictechnologiesofhigh-speedtraininthelightofandviaabsorptionofadvancedworldcivilizationachievements.Throughre-innovation,theCRHtrainsystemsandtechnologysystemshavebeenbuilt.)高速列车技术（HighSpeedTrainTechnology）★优异动力学性能(Outsta-ndingDynamicsPerformans)★车体气密性技术(CarBodyAir-tightnessTechnology)★交流传动技术(ACDriveTechnology★网络控制技术(TrainNetControlTechnology)★高速受流技术(High-speedCurrentCollectionTechnology)★复合制动技术(CompoundBrakeTechnology)★智能诊断技术(IntelligentDiagnosisTechnology)★完备检修技术(CompleteOverhaulTechnology)交流传动（ACDriveTechnology）高速列车要达到高速运行，必须具有大功率的牵引系统，速度在300km/h以上的高速列车牵引功率需在10MW左右。大功率“交-直-交”变流技术是现代高速列车电力牵引的核心。(Inordertorealizehigh-speedrunning,thetrainmusthavehighpowerdrivesystem,whosedrivepowerwillbeabout10MWwhenthespeedisover300km/h。Highpower“AC-DC-AC”convertertechnologyisthecoreofmodernhigh-speedtrainelectrictraction。)交流传动系统集成(TractionDriveSystemIntegration)powersemiconductordevicestractionconvertersensorassistantpowersupplyequipmenttrainrunningsupervisoryequipmenttraincontrolsystem3.3电力电子技术的快速发展（RapidDevelopmentofPowerElectronicsTechnology）不控和半控器件→电流全控器件→电压全控器件→功率集成器件；（uncontrolledandhalf-controlleddevice→currentfull-controlleddevice→voltagefull-controlleddevice→integratedpowerdevice；）器件体积减少了3~4个数量级；（Devicevolumedecreasesbythreetofourordersofmagnitude；）大功率器件的开关时间从毫秒级降到了微秒级；小功率的甚至降到纳秒级；（Timeswitchofhighpowerdevicereducesfrommillisecondtomicrosecond,whichoflowpowerdeviceevendecreasestonanosecond;）工作频率从50Hz增加到兆赫级;(Powerfrequencyincreasesfrom50Hztomegahertz;)变流器的功率水平从几伏安提高到几百兆伏安，电压从伏级提高到几千伏级。(Powerlevelofconverterincreasesfromseveralvoltamperetoseveralhundredmegawattsvoltampere，voltageincreasesfromvolttoseveralkilo-volt。)牵引变流器关键技术（KeyTechnologyofTractionConverter）基础研究成果(FundamentResearchAchievement)高压IGBT技术研究（IGBTHigh-VoltageTechnologyResearch）IGBT与FRD芯片结构研究（ResearchonarchitectureofIGBTchipandFRDchip）IGBT芯片结构与电特性关系研究（RelationshipbetweenstructureandelectricalcharacteristicofIGBTchip）IGBT模块可靠性技术研究（IGBTmodulereliabilitytechnologyresearch）IGBT相模块(IGBTphasemodule)IGBT器件IGBTdevice牵引变流器冷却技术研究（TractionConverterCoolingTechnologyResearch）各种冷却技术的研究（Researchonvariouscoolingtechnologies）牵引变流器热设计仿真（Tractionconverterthermaldesighsimuation）稳态/瞬态下散热和冷却研究（Researchonradiationandcoolingundersteady-stateandtransientstate）常用电压型变流器(VoltageSourceConverterinCommonUse)三电平变流器(Three-levelConverter)牵引变流器(TractionConverter)一台牵引变流器为4台牵引电机电源的控制设备，由脉冲整流器、直流平滑电路、逆变器、真空交流接触器等主电路设备和无触点控制装置、控制电源等控制电路设备构成。Atractionconverterprovidescontrolforfourtractionmotorpowersupply，whichiscomposedofmaincircuitequipments(suchaspulserectifier、DCsmoothingcircuit、inverter、acvacuumcontactorandsoon)andcontrolcircuitequipments(suchasnon-contactcontroldevice、controlpowersupplyandsoon).tractionconverteremptycabinetcabinetoverhaulcabinetwelding信息技术的快速发展(RapidDevelopmentofInformation