成人英语三级语法知识大全

1成人英语三级语法知识大全一、句法分析..........................................................................................................................2二、词法分析..........................................................................................................................3三、时态...............................................................................................................................9四、被动语态........................................................................................................................12五、情态动词........................................................................................................................13六、不定式............................................................................................................................15七、定语从句........................................................................................................................18八、主语从句........................................................................................................................23九、表语从句........................................................................................................................24十、宾语从句........................................................................................................................24十一、同位语从句................................................................................................................25十二、状语从句....................................................................................................................26十三、虚拟语气....................................................................................................................29十四、动名词........................................................................................................................32十五、现在分词....................................................................................................................32十六、过去分词....................................................................................................................36十七、独立主格结构............................................................................................................38十八、倒装句型....................................................................................................................39十九、强调句型....................................................................................................................40二十、主谓一致....................................................................................................................41二十一、It的用法.................................................................................................................432一、句法分析1、主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.名词作主语2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.代词作主语3)Twoandtenistwelve.数词作主语4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.动名词作主语5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.动词不定式作主语6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.从句作主语2、谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Hisfatherisanengineer.3)Sheseemedhappy.4)LiHuashowedmehisalbum.3、宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.2)Themedicineisgoodforacold.3)Howmanypiecesdoyouwant?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?6)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodotonight4、宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。1)Thegovernmentappointed（任命）herchiefdelegate（首席代表）totheconference.2)Idon’tbelievethestorytrue.3)Youshouldputyourthingsinorder（有序）.4)Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbedforaweek.5)Wesawthepupilsplayingbasketball.5、表语：位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.还有位于以下系动词后面的词，我们也称之为表语：表示感官的：look\seem(看起来)、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（感觉起来）：Helooksdisappointed(形容词作表语)他看起来很失望。Therubbishsmellsterrible.垃圾很难闻。表示变化的：get、become、turn(变得)。Itbecomeshotterandhotter（形容词作表语）.天变得越来越热了。6、定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，翻译常用‘……的’表示。Tomisahandsomeboy.Thetwoboysarestudents.HisboyneedsTom'spen.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.Theboyneedsaballpen.ThebestboyhereisTom.3Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.7、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Hesitsthere,askingforapen.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,Iwillreadsomestory-books.8、同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）二、词法分析（一）构词法1.转化法:把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法，学位英语最常考的是形容词转化为名词。表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词:Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。Iwanttowriteinred.我想用红笔写字。某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。2.派生法1)前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不