第一章 翻译概述

WelcomeBack!CourseofTranslating孟宇ScoreArrangementsTotal(100)DailyPerformance(30)FinalExam(70)Classperformance(10)(Activity&NewsReport)FinalExamination(50%inyourtextbook)Homework(10)(spotcheck)InterpretingTest(10)(20sentences)Absence:2pointslosteachtimeNewsReportGuidance•Everyoneofyouarerequiredtogiveoneverywell-preparedNewsReport(50~100words)withassistanceofPPT.•2msperperson•4personspertimeinturn•Steps:•1.Readthenewstwiceloudlyandclearly;•2.Showtheaudiencethescript(原文)withexplanationofdifficultexpressions;•3.Lettheaudiencetranslatethenews;•4.Offeryouroriginaltranslation.WhyThisActivity?•1.Besensitivetowhatishappeningsurroundingus;•2.Improvetheabilityofsummingup;•3.Practiceyourtranslatinginreality.Remembering•1.Attitudedecideseverything.•2.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.•3.Noonecandoanything;buteveryonecandosomething.•Whetheryoulikeitornot,whenyouhavetoacceptit,acceptitwithapositiveattitudeandinanactivemood.ChapterOneBasicsofTranslation•CheckingYourself!•1.Ifyouthinkheisagoodman,thinkagain.•如果你认为他是好人，那你就大错特错了。•2.Ifmymotherhadknownofitshe’dhavediedasecondtime.•要是我妈妈知道了，她会从棺材里爬起来。•3.Thattookhisbreathaway.•他大惊失色。•4.Theelevatorgirlreadsbetweenpassengers.•开电梯的姑娘在没有乘客时看书。•5.Imustnotstayhereanddonothing.•我不能什么都不做待在这儿。•6.Iwon’tdoittosavemylife.•我死也不会做。•7.Nonsense,Idon’tthinkhispaintingisanybetterthanyours.•胡说，我认为他的画比你好不到哪去。•8.Workonceandworktwice.•一次得手，再次不愁。•9.Mygrandfatherisnearly90andinhissecondchildhood.•我祖父快90岁了，什么事都需要别人来做。•10.Shegavemeablacklook.•她狠狠地瞪了我一眼。•CheckingYourself!Itwasacoldwinterday.这是一个寒冷的冬天。这是寒冬的一天。这是冬天的寒冷的一天。冬天，一个寒冷的日子。这是一个寒冷的冬日。•CheckingYourself!•“一阵秋雨一阵寒”•1)Withoneafteranotherfallofautumnrain,it’sgettingcolder.•2)Witheachfallofautumnrain，it’sgettingcolder.•E.g.1.你已经干了一阵子，该好好休息了。•2.一阵风刮掉了我的帽子。•3.当这位民族英雄出现在大厅时，响起了一阵暴风雨般的欢呼声，持续了几分钟。•4.他的幽默引起我们一阵大笑。1.你已经干了一阵子，该好好休息了。•“一阵”充当副词，放在动词后面，修饰动词，表示该动作持续一段时间。也可以说“一阵子”。英语用forsometime表示。•Asyouhaveworkedforsometime,youdeserveagoodrest.•2.一阵风刮掉了我的帽子。•“一阵”可以充当气象名词的数量词。•Agustofwindblewmyhatoff.•3.当这位民族英雄出现在大厅时，响起了一阵暴风雨般的欢呼声，持续了几分钟。“一阵”可以充当某种动作的数量词。•Whenthenationalheroappearedinthehall,therewasastormofcheeringthatlastedforminutes.•4.他的幽默引起我们一阵大笑。•“一阵”还可以充当某种情感的数量词。•Hishumormadeusbreakoutinafitoflaughter.《大学英语课程教学要求》•能借助词典翻译英语国家报刊上有一定难度的科普、文化、评论等文章，能翻译反映中国国情或文化的介绍性文章。英汉译速为每小时400英语单词，汉英译速为每小时350个汉字，译文内容准确，基本无误译现象，文字通顺、达意，语言错误较少。Tolearnsomefundamentaltranslationtheories;Togetfamiliarwithsometechniquesoftenusedintranslation;Todeveloptheabilitytotranslate.Whatcanthiscoursehelpyou?2.Basicsoftranslation•Whatistranslation?1.翻译，即把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来（也指方言与民族共同语、方言与方言，古代语与现代语之间一种用另一种表达）《现代汉语词典》2.把已说出的话或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来。《中国大百科全书·语言文字卷》3.翻译就是转换承载信息的语言，把一种语言承载的信息用另一种语言表达出来。(王德春)4.翻译是译者将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表述出来的文化活动。(王克非)5.翻译是以符号转换为手段、意义再生产为任务的一项跨文化的交际活动。（许均）•Whatistranslation?Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaning,andsecondintermsofstyle.--EugeneNida所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。--尤金·奈达Perspectivesontranslation2.Basicsoftranslation•Thefeaturesoftranslating:1.translatingisabiculturalactivity2.translatingfollowssomeprinciples3.translatingisancreativeprocess4.translatinghasspecificpurposesHistoryofTranslationinChinaTheEasternHanDynasty---TheSongDynastyBuddhismXuanZang玄奘Kumarajiva鸠摩罗什Paramartha真谛TheMingDynastyandTheTsingDynastyXuGuangqi徐光启M.Ricci利玛窦TechniqueYanFuLinShuHistoryofTranslationinChinaEuclid’sElements《几何原本》YanFu1.EvolutionandEthics(ByT.H.Huxley)2.AnInquiryIntotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations(ByA.Smith)3.OnLiberty（ByJ.S.Mill)天演论原富群己权界论HistoryofTranslationinChina4.AHistoryofPolitics(ByE.Jenks)社会通诠法意5.TheSpiritofTheLaws(ByMontesquieu)照片HistoryofTranslationinChina“譯事三難：信達雅.”“Therearethreedifficultiesintranslation:____________,_____________,_________”faithfulnessexpressivenesseleganceHistoryofTranslationinChina照片LinShu林纾1.LaDameauxCamélias2.DavidCopperfield《巴黎茶花女遗事》《块肉余生述》3.UncleTom’sCabin《黑奴吁天录》4.Hamlet《王子复仇记》鲁迅Literaturemodernwriterandtranslator《毁灭》《死魂灵》HistoryofTranslationinChinaAfterMayFourthMovementHistoryofTranslationinChinaRatherbefaithfulthansmooth.---LuXun宁信而不顺HistoryofTranslationinChina《呐喊》《狂人日记》《孔乙已》《药》《一件小事》《故乡》《阿Q正传》《彷徨》《祝福》《野草》CalltoArmsAMadman'sDiaryKongYijiMedicineAnIncidentHometownTheTrueStoryofAhQWanderingWellWishesWildGrassHistoryofTranslationinChinaAfter1949傅雷钱钟书杨宪益与戴乃迭许渊冲Criteriafortranslation1)Faithfulness2)Expressiveness3)EleganceCriteriafortranslation1.玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗2.严复：译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信，已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。(1898)3.鲁迅：凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然是求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。4.傅雷：重神似，不重形似5.钱钟书：化境6.许渊冲：扬长避短，发挥译文语言优势。1.Translationsarelikewomen,-whentheyarefaithfultheyarenotbeautiful,whentheyarebeautifultheyarenotfaithful.2.TranslatorsaretraitorsCriteriafortranslation•Tobeagoodtranslator:•1.Idealbilingualcompetence;•2.Expertise;•3.PoliticalStand•4.TranslationTechniquesTobeagoodtranslatorHomework1.Duringonefour-yearperiodabout600yearsagotheBlackDeathkilledatleast25millionpeopleinEurope.2.Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolors.3.Themountaintothenorthhasasteel-blueligh