主谓一致Subject-verb agreement

图片版权：伊一Subject-verbAgreement主谓一致英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。主谓一致:主语和谓语动词在人称、数、意义方面保持一致。1)Bob/He/She/TheboylikesBigbaboverymuch.2)Anappleisnotenoughforlunch.???主谓一致涉及哪些时态和动词？be动词各时态,一般现在时的各种动词，现在完成时的has/have…1Definition(1)语法一致:语法形式(人称、数)的一致主语（不可数/单数）+谓语动词(单数)主语（复数）+谓语动词(复数)e.g.Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.Chinaisabigcountrywithlonghistory.ThesebooksareallWeiFang's.23Principles主谓一致三原则(2)意义一致：主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。主语意义为单数，谓语用单数；主语意义为复数，谓语用复数。①主语形式虽为单数,但意义可单可复时;②主语形式为复数,而意义为单数,谓语动词用单数。如：•Ourfamilyisabigone.•Ourfamilyarehavingdinnernow.•Mathsishardtolearn.•(3)就近一致(常见于习惯用法)即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.1.and连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同的人或物时，其概念是复数，谓语动词用复数。特殊情况有：1)指同一个人或物,或指同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,这时and后的名词前不加冠词。如：Theteacherandthepoet(be)talkinghappilywithmymother.Theteacherandpoet(be)fromourschool.3主谓一致分类areis一、语法一致原则2)表整体概念的并列结构+V单数breadandbutter/milkknifeandforkironandsteellawandorderwarandpeacefishandchipstheStarsandStrips(星条旗)•配套事物+V单数：awatchandchain手表和表链aneedleandthread针线acart/carriageandhorse一付马车表同一抽象概念时(如下)，+V单truthandhonestytoloveandtobelovedgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyTheknifeandforkonthedesk.is3).each/every/no/manya/morethanone+N1+and+each/every/no/manya/morethanone+N2+V(单数)Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassdiligent.4).N1andN2+each+V(复数)(此时each为同位语)Eachofussomethingtosay.（have）Weeachsomethingtosay.我们每个人都有些话要说。ishashave5)N1andnoN2+V(单数)AllworkandnoplayJackadullboy.（make）6)both...and连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。7)and连接的两个不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词形式取决于句子的宾语或表语。Basketballandswimmingareusuallysummersports.Whiskyandsodaisalwaysmyfavouritedrink.makesLOREMIPSUMDOLOR2.不定代词(either,neither,each,one,noone,another等,及形如some-,any-,no-,every-)+V(单数)Nooneisallowedtosmokehere.Someonehasparkedhiscarintheway.3.主语为todo/-ing/主语从句时,+V(单数)Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.注：1)WhenandwhyhehasgonetoAmericastillunknown.2)Wherehewasfromandwhyhecameheretobefound.3)Whenandwheretheyplayingbasketball？iswerewere4.What引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数由be动词之后的表语决定。Whatweneedenoughtime.…alotofbooks.同样地,such/thesame作指示代词时+be(取决于表语)+表语Suchisourplan.Sucharehiswords.isare5.therest（of...),onehalfof,themajorityof,mostof,partof,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,noneof,…percentof,百分数of,分数of+N作主语时,+V(单复数取决于of后面N)如：Apartofthestudentsarrived.Apartoftheapplebeeneatenbythemouse.havehas6.Thiskindof+N+V单数Nofthiskind+V(取决于N)All/Thesekindsof+N复数+V复数Thiskindofmendangerous.(be)Menofthiskinddangerous.Amanofthiskinddangerous.AllkindsofChinesefoodsdelicious.isareisare二、意义一致原则1.集合名词1)family,audience,army,crowd,government,public,class,population,team,group等作主语,V单复数均可能,由句子意思决定。强调整体时用单数,强调整体中的个体的用复数。•Hisfamilyisgoingout.•Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Thegroup____madeupofninestudents.Thegroup____dancinghappily.isareTheteam____somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam____allhandsome.(be)hasareChoosethecorrectverbformtocompletethefollowingsentences.1.ThepopulationinChina(is/are)verylarge.2.80%ofthepopulation(live)intheruralareas.3.Ourfamily(is/are)notpooranymore.4.Hehastohurry.Hisfamily(is/are)waitingforhim.5.Theclass(is/are)morethanfortyinnumber.isliveisareis6.Theclass(have/has)disagreedamongthemselvesaboutwheretheyshouldgoandhaveapicnic.7.Thegovernment(has/have)spentmorethantwomillionyuaninplantingtrees.8.Thecitygovernment(has/have)differentopinionsaboutnextyear’splan.havehashave9.Thepolice________(is/are)searchingforthethief.are2)集体名词people,police,poultry,cattle+V(复数)但ahard-workingpeople(民族)，aheadofcattle(一头牛),apoliceman,谓语动词用单数。3)不可数集合名词clothing,poetry,baggage,luggage,furniture,machinery,scenery,jewellery,equipment等作主语时，+V(单数)4)表示店铺的名词thebaker’s,thebaber’s,thecarpenter’s,theZhang’s,一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时,+V(复数)Thebaker’shavealotofimportedgoodstosell.2.代词none作主语时，若指代数字或可数名词，+V单复皆可若指代不可数名词，+V单数Noneofthestudentsmademistakesthistime.(have)Noneofusinterestedinyournewsubject.(be)Jimmyhasusedupallthemoney.Noneleft.(be)is/arehas/haveis3.neither/eitherof+复数名词+V(单/复),多用单数。1)Eitherofthechildreneagertogohome.2)NeitherofusreceivedpostcardsthisChristmas.Thus,eitherunhappy.is/arehas/haveis4.不定代词all作主语时,V视情况而定。Alltheapplesrotten.Alltheapplerotten.Allthatcanbedonedone.Allpresentatthemeeting.areishasbeenare5.“the+形容词(分词)”表一类人时,用V复数.（eg:theold/young/poor/rich/wounded/dead...）表抽象概念时，则用V单数.(eg:thegood/true/beautiful)•Thelostbeenfound.•Thenewsuretotaketheplaceoftheold.haveis6.当主语是“the+姓氏复数、国籍”，表示“某某一家人或某国人”时，谓语动词用复数；但当这些表国籍的形容词作某种语言讲时谓语动词用单数。eg:TheWhitesarefriendly.TheChinesearehard-working.Chinese/TheChineselanguageisnoteasytolearn.LOREMIPSUMDOLORLoremipsumdolorsitamet,consecteturadipisicingelit,seddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliqua.Utenimadminimveniam,quisnostrudexercitationullamcolaborisnisiutaliquipexeacommodoconsequat.Loremipsumdolorsitamet,consecteturadipisicingelit,seddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliqua.Utenimadminimveniam,quisnostrudexercitationullamcolaborisnisiutaliquipexeacommodoconsequat.7.数词+时间、金钱、距离、重量、体积、度量等名词+V单数,此时通常被看成一个整体。如：•Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.•Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework.注：“基数词+时间名词”做主语时，谓语有时也可用复数形式。30yearshavepassed.8.1)形复义复名词如trousers,scissors,clothes,goo