M3U1 名词性从句讲解与练习

Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.‘Sorry,Miss,’repliedtheman,‘thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.’Wecallthesesentences——nounclauses.在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{{{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.{1Thathewillsucceediscertain.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3Whathesaidisnottrue.4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.7Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.“It”isusedasemptysubject.形式主语It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道……Itseems/appears/happensthat…似乎/好像/碰巧......It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布……It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑……It’sapity/afact/commonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that…宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses.that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。作用:对主语进行解释说明。when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/what同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(视察)them.3)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.________ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline._______________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.____________________________________________________________ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what主语从句宾语从句3.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move表语从句同位语从句Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.AppositiveClause(同位语从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句)分析下列宾语从句中的连词1.Idon’tdoubt(that)youwillsucceed.2.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.3.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3个句子中的连词that,whether,if(是否)在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词。注意:A.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句,而if仅可以用于宾语从句。referencereference一、名词性从句的语序(1)名词性从句构成有两种a.That+陈述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分referencereferenceCouldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.3.T