测井评价三低油气藏面临的挑战和发展方向

202Vol.20No.220056(:282~288)PROGRESSINGEOPHYSICSJune2005何雨丹,肖立志,毛志强,张元中(,102249)三低油气藏,即低孔隙度低渗透率和/或低饱和度为主要特征的复杂油气藏,已经成为国内外油气勘探开发的焦点.常规测井理论和方法在三低油气藏评价中面临许多挑战,常常显得无能为力.本文从常规测井响应特征出发,分析常规测井在三低油气藏的局限性,然后提出三低油气藏测井新理论新方法的基本出发点和思路.低孔隙度,低渗透率,低饱和度,测井,地层评价P631A10042903(2005)02028207Thepresentchallengesandresearchdirectionofwellloggingevaluationmethodsinlowporosity,lowpermeabilityandlowsaturationreservoirHEYudan,XIAOLizhi,MAOZhiqiang,ZHANGYuanzhong(UniversityofPetroleum,Beijing102249,China)AbstractInrecentyears,interpretationofcomplexreservoirwithlowporosity,lowpermeabilityandlowsaturationisoneofthefocusesofoilandgasexploration.Theconventionalreservoirevaluationfacesthechallenge.Basedontheresearchofthetheoriesofconventionalloggingrespondtothespecialreservoir,thedisadvantageofthelogginginterpretationforthereservoirevaluationmethodisreviewedinthispaper.Accordingtotheadvancementoftheresearch,thenewideaofthespecialreservoirevaluationisdiscussed.Keywordslowporosity,lowpermeability,lowsaturation,welllogging,reservoirevaluation20040710;20040820.(030301).,,1978,,,,.(Email:[e-mail]@sohu.com)0引言,,/.[1],13%!15%,,.,[2],45%,.,[3].,30-60%,50~65%.,.,,,,../2,:1Fig.1Petrophysicsmodel,.1常规测井响应特征及其在三低油气藏的局限性,:,1.1.1,,,,,,,.s=t-tmatf-tma,(1)N=IHb-IHmaIHf-IHma,(2)D=ma-bma-f,(3):IHt;bmaf;!D!N!s.,(t)(tma)ss=1(1-tma/tf)s-1s+1(t)t,(4)ss=1(1-tf/tma)-1s-1(tma)tma,(5)(4),,15(3%)2(40%).,((5)),,14(3%)0.6(40%).2,,.,,.10%,,.,(IHb)(IHma)bma34,,,,,10%,,.1.2,283202Fig.2Errorsofacousticloggingresponsevaluesandrockmatrixacousticvaluespasserrorchangestoacousticporositywiththechangesofporosity3Fig.3Errorsofneutronloggingresponsevaluesandrockmatrixgrainneutronvaluespasserrorchangestoneutronporositywiththechangesofporosity4Fig.4Errorsofdensityloggingresponsevaluesandrockmatrixgraindensityvaluespasserrorchangestodensityporositywiththechangesofporosity.G.E.Archie1941Archie[1],.F=R0Rw=a-m,(6)I=RtR0=bS-nw,(7)S0=1-Sw=1-nabRwmRt,(8):!Sw;FArchie;RtR0100%;I;abmnArchie.,RtRw!S0S0=1n1S0-1RtRt,(9)S0S0=1n1-1S0RwRw,(10)S0S0=mn1S0-1,(11)56,Rt/RtRw/Rw!/!,.,,,.5(n=2)Fig.5Errorsofresistivityloggingresponsevaluesofuninvadedzoneandformationwaterresistivitypasserrorchangestooilsaturationwiththechangesofoilsaturation(n=2)2842,:6(n=m=2)Fig.6Porosityerrorpasseserrorchangestooilsaturationwiththechangesofoilporosity(n=m=2)1.3,.,[11].KozenyK=0.1013k(1-)2SV2,(12),K,∀10-3∀m2;!,%;S/V,cm2/cm3;k,,.CoatsK=4cfb2,(13),!!f!b;cTimur[12]K=kabSwi,(14)Timur,,(0.97),0.314.K=0.1364.4S2wi.(15)Timur10∀10-3∀m2,0.1∀10-3∀m210∀10-3∀m2.Morris_BiggsK=C3Swi2,C=250,80,.(16)(15%~25%),.,!(Swi)KK=b,(17)KK=cSwiSwi.(18),!f!bc,Coatsb=4,c=2;Timurb=4.4,c=2;Morris_Biggsb=6,c=2;,.!/!,,b;(Swi)/Swi!f/!f!b/!b,,c.,,,,,,.2三低油气藏测井新理论和新方法的基本思路/,,.,,,;.2.1,,,,;;28520,,WaxmanSmits(W-S),rane(1990)(EAE),livar(1991)Charles[19](1995,1996)(EMM)Givens[5](1987,1989)(CRMM)XuDongJing[20](GEM),.,!!!,[14,16],.,,.2.2,,..2.2.1电缆地层测试,.,.,.,,.[17],,,,.,.,,.,,,,.,...,.2.2.2成象测井,.,,,..,,.2.2.3核磁测井,.,.,,,.7.0.2ms,,T2(T2minT2max)NMR,T2,.T2c,T2b.T2T2bT2max2862,:e;T2T2cT2maxf;T2T2minT2cb.7NMRFig.7PorosityinterpretationmodelofNMRlogginge=#T2maxT2bS(T2)dT2,(19)f=#T2maxT2cS(T2)dT2,(20)b=#T2cT2minS(T2)dT2,(21),T2beee=-S(T2b)∃T2beT2bT2b.(22)S(T2b)∃T2be,,T2be.,T2cfb.,T2,T2,efb.T2,T2,CoatesSDRCoates.,.,.,,T2[21],.T2,,T2,33ms,T2,T2,,.,,T2,.,,,T2,,T2.,T2,,,T2.T2,.,,[22],,T2,,,.,,T2,,,,,,,.,.,NMR28720.,,.T2,T1.DoT2,T1,,.3结语,,/,,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,.(References):[1].[C].:.[2],,.[J],,2003,21(1):142~147.[3].[J].,2001,28(2):1~5.[4]ArchieGR.TheElectricalResistivityLogasanAidinDeterminingSomeReservoirCharacteristics[J].AIME,1942,146(1):54~56.[5]GivensWW,SchmidtEJ.[A].[C].:,1991.[6]AlKaabiAU.EffectofhysteresisonthemArchiesaturationexponent[J].SPE,1997:497~503.[7]RaymerLL,etal.Animprovedsonictransittime-to-prositytransform[C].SPWLA21th,1980.[8]JayTittman.[A].:B.L.Lawson.[C].SocietyofProfessinalwelllogAnalysts,1978.[9]TittmanJ,WahlJS.[A].:LawsonBL,.[C].SocietyofProfessinalwelllogAnalysts,1978.[10]BalanB,MohagheghS,AmeriS.StateofTheArtinPermeabilityDeterminationFromWellLogData[J].SPE30978,1995:33~38.[11].[J].,1993,17(1):60~64.[12]TmurA.AnInvestigationofPermeability,Porosity,andResidualWaterSaturationRelationshipforSandstoneReservoirs[A].TheLogAnalyst[C].1968,9(4):8.[13]HuangZ.PermeabilitypredictionwithartifcialneuralnetworkmodelingintheVenturegasfield,offshoreeasternCanada[J].Geophys,1996,61(2):422~436.[14],,.[J].,2003,18(1):44~48.[15].[M].:,1998.[16],,.[J].,2003,18(1):44~48.[17],,.[J].,2005,48(1):229~234.[18],,,.[J].,2002,45(1):139~146.[19]CharlesRB.AComparisonofSATORIandHBeffectivemediumconductivemodels[J].TheLogAnalyst,1998,39(5):34~39.[20]JingXD.Resistivityindexfromnon-equilibriummeasurementsusingdetailedin-situsaturationmonitoring[R].SPE,Aberdeen,Sep,1993:456~464.[21],,,.T2[J].,2004,19(3):652~655.[22],,,.[J].,2002,26(2):126~126.288