基于单片机的智能电表的设计

基于单片机的智能电表的设计基于单片机的智能电表的设计-I-摘要近年来，在低碳经济、绿色节能及可持续发展思想的推动下，如何进一步提高电网效率，积极应对环境挑战，提高供电可靠性和电能质量，完善电力用户服务，适应更加开放的能源及电力市场化环境需要，对未来电网的发展提出了更高的要求。智能电网的概念应运而生并成为全球电力行业共同研究和探讨的热点，支撑中国乃至全球智能电网的将是通信技术、信息处理技术和控制技术。智能电表作为智能电网建设的重要基础装备，加快智能电表产业链整合，促进其产业化，对于电网实现信息化、自动化和互动化具有支撑作用。基于以上分析，本文研究旨在基于AT89C51单片机的智能电表的设计。本次设计基于单片机AT89C51是以微处理器或微控制器芯片为核心的可以存储大量的测量信息并具有对测量结果进行实时分析、综合和做出各种判断能力的仪器。一般具有自动测量功能，强大的数据处理能力，进行自动调零和单位换算功能，能进行简单的故障提示，具有操作面板和显示器，有简单的报警功能。本文主要包括以下三个方面的工作：(1)智能电表的设计背景、优点及发展现状本文首先分析智能电表的设计背景，其次讨论智能电表的优点及相关的应用。(2)智能电表的硬件和软件实现分析智能电表应该具备的功能，给出该仪表的总体设计框图；详细讨论了该电路的核心芯片选取、数据采集电路的设计、通信电路及输入输出系统的实现并给出了核心芯片．AT89C51的详细参数；使用结构化程序设计手段，利用单片机C语言程序实现按键的扫描并处理程序、数据的采集及后续的算法程序、红外或RS485通信方式的自动抄表程序、CPU卡的读写操作程序以及段式LCD的显示驱动程序。(3)设计的结论分析、不足及未来的展望阐述了设计的测试结果并对结论进行了分析，给出了设计中的不足之处，并提出了将来的修改意见及改进之处，最后对智能电表的未来进基于单片机的智能电表的设计-II-行了展望。本设计实现了电能数据的计时计量、自动计费、即时双向通信等功能，能够实现住宅能耗计量的高质量和高效率管理，为居民的优化用电提供了帮助。论文希望通过对智能电表系统的探索，能对相关工作者提供有益的帮助，智能电表的市场前景十分广阔。关键词：智能电表电能计量单片机AT89C51AbstractRecentyears，duetothepopulationofideas，likegreeneconomics，energysavingandsustainabledevelopment,higherrequirementsareproposedforfuturepowernetworktofutureimprovetheefficiencyofpowernetwork,copedwiththechallengefromenvironment,elevatethereliabilityofpowersupplyandthequalityofelectricalpower,perfectuserservice，andadapttotherequirementsfromenergysourcesandpowermarkets．Theconceptofsmartgridemergesasthetimesrequire,andbecomesaresearchinganddiscussingfocusinglobalpowerindustry．Itcanbeassumedthatcommunicationtechnology,informationprocessingtechnologyandcontroltechnologywillsupportthesmartgridinChina,eveninthewholeworld．Smartmetersisanimportantfundamentaldevicefortheconstructionofsmartgrid．Itacceleratestheintegrationofsmartmeterindustry,facilitatesitsindustrialization，andsupportstheinformation．automationandinteractionofpowernetwork．Uponaboveanalysis,thispaperrealizesthedesignofthesmartmeterbyAT89C51chip．Thisdesignbasedonthesingle-chipAT89C51isamicroprocessorormicrocontrollerchipasthecorecanstorelargeamountsofinformationandmeasurementwiththemeasuringresultsreal-timeanalysis,comprehensiveandmakeajudgmentapparatus.Thegeneralautomaticmeasurementfunction,powerfuldataprocessingcapability,automaticzeroadjustmentandunitconversionfunction,cancarryonthesimpletroubleshootingtips,theoperationpanelandtheLCD,asimplealarmfunction.Thisarticleconsistsofthefollowingthreeareaswork：基于单片机的智能电表的设计-III-(1)Smartmeter’designbackground，advantagesanddevelopmentstatusFirstly，thispaperanalyzesthedesignbackgroundofsmartmeterfollowedbythediscussionoftheadvantagesofsmartmeterandrelatedapplication.(2)Smartmeter’shardwaredesignandsoftwaredesignAnalysisofthefunctionofsmartmetershouldhave,andgivetheoveralldesignblockdiagramoftheinstrument；Detaileddiscussionoftheselectionofthecorechip，thedesignofdataacquisitioncircuit，communicationcircuitandtherealizationofinput—outputsystemandgivesthedetailedparametersofthecorechipAT89C51;Usingstructuredprogrammingmethods，achievetheswitch’sscanandhandlerprogram，datacollectionandthefollow-upalgorithmprocessprogram，theautomaticmeterreadingprogrambyinfraredorRS485communicationmode，CPUcard’sreadandwriteoperatingproceduresandsegmentLCD’SdisplaydrivercodebasedontheuseofmicrocontrollerCprogramminglanguage．(3)Theanalysisofthedesign’sconclusions，thedesign’sshortageandtheprospectforthefutureDescribesthetestresultsofthedesignandanalyzetheconclusions，givestheinadequaciesofthedesignandproposedfuturemodificationsandimprovements．Finally,givestheprospectforthefutureofsmartmeter.Thisdesignrealizesthefunctionofpowerdatatimingandmeasurement，automaticcharging，bidirectionalcommunication，etc．Itmanagestheenergyconsumptionofresidenceswithhighqualityandhighefficiency,whichisofgreathelpforourresidents．Thispaperaimstoprovidehelptorelativeworkersthroughtheresearchintothesystemofsmartmeter．Itisofnodoubtthatthemarketprospectiveofsmartmeterisquitebroad．Keywords：SmartMeter,PowerMeasurement，single-chip,AT89C51基于单片机的智能电表的设计-IV-目录摘要................................................................................................................IAbstract.......................................................................................................II目录.............................................................................................................IV前言................................................................................................................11智能电表绪论............................................................................................21.1智能电能表的概念..........................................................................21.2智能电能表的典型结构..................................................................21.3智能电能表的主要特点..................................................................42智能电能表的设计方法............................................................................52.1智能电能表的硬件设计方法..........................................................52.1.1微处理器或微控制器...............................................................62.1.2传感器..............................................................