定语从句专项复习

定语从句专项复习一．关系代词的用法比较二．定语从句四种典型错误三、“介词＋关系代词”五注意四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句五不同五、As/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别六、关系副词用法用that,which,who,whom填空1.Thisistheroomin______welivedlastyear.2.Thebook,______isabouttheenvironmentprotection,isworthreading.3.Hewasproud,______Idislikeverymuch.4.Maryhasmaderapidprogressinherstudies,______isknowntousall.5.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?6.That’sall_____Iknow.7.Youcantakeanyseat_____isfree.8.Thereislittletime______wecanspare.9.Thisisthefirstcomposition_____IhavewritteninEnglish.10.Thisisthebestfilm_____hasbeenshownthisyear.11.It’sabook_____willhelpyoualot.12.Thereisaseatinthecorner_____isstillfree.13.YesterdayIcaughttwofish,nowyoucanseethetwo_____arestillaliveinabasinofwater.14.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersons(_____)theyrememberedintheschool.15.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(____)itusedtobe.16.Afriend______helpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.17.Those______wereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.18.People______canseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.19.All_____heardthenewswereamazed.20.One_____doesn’tworkhardwillneverbehappy.21.Thereisastranger_____wantstoseeyou.22.Mysister,_____isateacher,canspeakGermanwell.23.Anewteacherwillcometomorrow_____willteachyouGerman.24.Thestudent_____waspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.25.Thereisateacher_____presentsthematerialinthemostinterestingwayandwhoenjoyswhatheteaches.26.Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?27.Whichofus_____knowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?总结：A用which而不用that情况(1-4):1、当关系代词前有介词时；2、引导非限制性定语从句时；3、在表示继续关系的非限制性定语从句中（这种定语从句的先行词不是一个词，通常是整个主句，定语从句与所修饰的整个句子用逗号分开。）B用that而不用which情况(5-15):1、先行词为all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时；2、先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,same等修饰时；3、先行词是序数词或者先行词受序数词修饰时；4、先行词受最高级形容词修饰时；5、先行词为系动词be后面的表语时；6、主句以Therebe开头时；7、先行词为数词时；8、先行词同时包含人和物时；9、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。C用who而不用that情况(16-25):1、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时；2、先行词为those为people时；3、先行词为all,anyone,one,ones指人时；4、在以therebe开头的句子中；5、在非限制性定语从句中先行词为指人时；6、在被分隔的定语从句中；7、一个句子有两个定语从句，其中的一个从句的关系代词是who，另一个是时that；但若先行词后接两个以上的并列的定语从句，后一个定语从句须重复前一个关系代词，以免产生误解。D先行词指人多用that情况：当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时(26/27)。二．定语从句四种典型错误改错：1)Thebuilding,whichroofwecanseefromhere,isahotel.2)Hewasborninthevillagewhereyouvisited.3)I’llrememberthedayswhenwespenttogether.4)Shedidallwhatshecouldtohelpthechild.5)ThisisjustthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.SoIcan’ttakeitaway.6)Theytalkedinsuchawaythatclosefriendsdo.7)ThemanwhonamedWangHuihelpedme.8)InBarcelonatheChineseteamgot16goldmedals,12ofthemwerewonbywomen.(whose)(which/that/省略)(which/that/省略)(that/省略)(as)(as)(whowasnamed/named)(12ofwhich/and12ofthem)9）Itisknowntousall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.10)Heisoneofthestudentswhoworkshard.11)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoworkhard.12)HewasborninthehospitalwhereIonceworkedthere.13)Isthisbridgetheonewecrosseditjustnow?错误类型：A．误用引导词1.that误为which(如上例5-15)2.that误为who(如上例26/27)3.误用that(如上例1-4.16-25)4.whose误为which如1）(As)(works)(work)(it去掉)(there去掉)析：whose表示所属关系，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，并能由ofwhich（指物）或ofwhom（指人）代替，被修饰词也要加限定词，此处既可用theroofofwhich又可用ofwhichtheroof。注意：当指物时，不表示所属关系，而是同位关系时，则要用which.E.g:Thewarlastedfouryears,duringwhichtimebothblackandwhitesufferedalot.5.误用where或when如2）3）析：先行词虽是表示时间、地点的名词，但引导词在从句中不作状语，仍不能用when或where.总结：定语从句关系词的选择有两看：一看先行词；二看其在定语从句中所充当的句子成分：及物动词后作宾语用关系代词（此处visit;spend均为及物动词）；不及物动词后作状语，要用关系副词。6.误用what如4）析：what引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句。7.误用as或该用as而未用如5）6)析：thesame…that接定语从句表示同一物，thesame…as接定语从句表示相似物。析：such…that引导结果状语从句；such…as引导定语从句。6)他们以密友方式进行交谈。B．与其他结构混淆1.与非谓语动词混淆如7）析：要用定语从句就必须主谓齐全，作主语的关系代词也不能省略；要用非谓语动词，就不能有引导词。注意1：whoever,whatever等词可以跟双谓语，其中前一个相当于定语从句的谓语。如：Whoever(=Anyonewho)wantstogotherecangetaticket.注意2：在suchas或thesameas结构引起的定语从句，as还可以用作主语。如：Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.注意3：有时一个先行词可以被两个以上的定语从句同时修饰或限定。如：HeisthebestmanIcanfindwhocanmenditwithintwohours.2.非限制性定语从句与并列句混淆如8）析：并列句常用and,or,but等连接，后一个分句用代词，而不用引导词；非限制性定语从句无并列连词，从句必须用引导词，表示对主句的附加说明。3.as引导的定语从句与形式主语结构混淆如9）析：As从句修饰主句时，为非限制性定语从句，要用逗号与主句隔开；it作形式主语，代替后面由that引导的主语从句，不能有逗号。此句还可改为：It’sknowntousthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.C．从句谓语动词单复数错误如10）11）析：定语从句谓语动词单复数形式取决于其先行词；第一句中的Thestudents是先行词；第二句中的theonlyone是先行词。要根据句义来确定分隔式定语从句的先行词。D．被替代部分重复出现如12）13）析：从句的引导词具有替代作用，即使作从句里的宾语而省略时，也不等于没有。再用就重复或多余了。三、“介词＋关系代词”五注意改错：1.ThepersontowhoyoushouldwriteisMrHall.2.Ilostthebookinthattherearefivecolorpictures.3.Thedayonwhenwecansendmenintospacehasatlastcome.4.Hewentbacktothehouseinwherehewasbornyesterday.(whom)(which)(which/on)(which/in)5.Hewastheboyafterwhomthewomanhadlookedformanyyears.6.Thefarminwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.7.Shewantedtofindthewaywithwhichshecouldmakeeveryonelivemorehappily.8.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonfromwhomshecouldturnforhelp.9.Thisisthetreeinwhichtheboatwastied.10.Canyoufindanobjectwithwhichyourtoyissimilar?11.Ican’tremembertheageinwhichIwonthatprize.12.Thatistheageatwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappily.(whomthewomanhadlookedafterformanyyears)(on)(in)(to)(to)(to)(at)(in)A、关系代词的选用析：如1）－4）当介词位于从句的句首时，介词后一般用关系代词whom（指人，如1）不可为who所代替）或which（指物，如2）。先行词即使为表示时间、地点的名词，介词后也不能用when或where，如3）4））