定语从句专题

定语从句定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.1.定语从句的概念2.定语从句的构成要素①先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）②引导词：关系代词或关系副词注意:从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系eg:Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.=Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词从句which、that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother(从句)Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.3.引导词——关系词的分类关系代/副词指代成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语that人/物主语/宾语/表语which事/物主语/宾语/表语as人/事/物主语/宾语/表语when时间(物)状语where地点(物)状语why原因(物)状语4.定语从句的考查方向:引导词的考查•理解掌握几个区分:•①区分that和which•②区分as和which•③区分定语从句和状语从句•④区分定语从句和名词性从句•⑤区分定语从句和强调句型☆关系代词普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sisterIhaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)关系代词：（如上例who/which）1.除了代替先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分，3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）☆关系副词•Where（先行词是地点名词，且定语从句缺地点状语时用）•When（先行词是时间名词，且在定语从句缺时间状语时用）•Why（先行词是reason，且在定语从句缺原因状语时用）1．Pleasepassmethenotebook______coverisyellow．2．LiHuawasoneofthegirls____havethechancetogoabroad.3．HemustbefromAfrica,—————canbeseenfromhisskin．4．Air,_____webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime．5．1949wastheyear____theNewChinawasborn．6．Idon'tknowthereason____shelooksunhappytoday．7．Thisisthevillage_____myfatherworkedthreeyearsago．8．Istillremembertheday____theoldscientisttookustothelabforthefirsttime．9．Theletter______Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommysister．10.Thewoman_____yousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.whosewhoas/whichwhichwhenwhywherewhenthatwhom3.用适当的关系代词或副词填空.关系代词和关系副词的易错点1.Idon’tknowthereasonyouwereabsentfromthemeeting,butI’msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereasonyouhaven’ttoldme.2.Thehotelwestayedwasn’tclean.3.Thehotelwevisitedlastnightwasn’tclean.4.Theday,you’llspendinyourhometown,iscoming.5.Theday,you’llstayinyourhometown,iscomingwherewhy/forwhichwhichwhichwhichwhen关于介词＋关系代词which/whom1.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.2.Theglasses,I’llbeblind,islost.3.I’llneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.4.Doyouknowthemanyoujustshookhands?throughwhichwithoutwhichonwhichwithwhom③先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等词修饰。1）下面情况只用that不用which和whom:Iwatchedalltheglasseswereonthetablefalloffthetable.Theparksaretheclearestparksyoucanimagine．CornwasnottheonlyfoodwastakentoEurope．Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonstheyremembered.Whoisthepersonyoujusttalkedwith?Thevillageisnolongertheoneitwas5yearsago.Therearemanyapplesareverydelicious.thatthat①先行词为much,little,none,someone,something等不定代词。②先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。thatthat④先行词既有人也有物。that⑤以who/which开头的疑问句。that⑥先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。that⑦在therebe句型中，指物只用that。□that和which的区别2）下面情况不用that:Thisisthebookaboutwearetalkingnow．Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,hisparentsexpect.What’sthatisflyinginthesky?which①介词后面：which②非限性定语从句中：③当先行词本身是that时：whichthat和which的区别关系代词比较：which和as的区别1._______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.2.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.3.________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.4._________Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.5.HemarriedMary,weexpected.6.HemarriedMary,wedidn’texpected.7.Let’sreadsuchbookswillmakethembetter.8.Hewillgiveyousuchinformationwillhelpyou.AsAsAsasasaswhichwhichas和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：①as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。②as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为“正如，正像”；而which常译为“这一点，这件事”③在限制性定语从局中，如果先行词被as,so,thesame,such修饰时，关系代词常用as总结：which和as的区别区分定语从句和名词性从句1.Thenewsthathewonthefirstprizeforthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.2.Thenewsthathetoldussurprisedallofus.同位语从句定语从句3.It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.主语从句区分定语从句和状语从句1.WeshouldgowherethePartyneedsusmost.2.Iwanttogototheplacewheretherearemanyflowersaround.3.Hefoundthebagwherehelostit.4.Hefoundthebagintheplacewherehelostit.5.Suchinformationashetoldusisveryuseful.6.Sheissuchagoodgirlthatwealllikeher.地点状语从句定语从句定语从句结果状语从句地点状语从句定语从句1.(浙江14)..Ihavereachedapointinmylife———Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why2(安徽30)..Manychildren，———parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.TheirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom3(全国II17)..Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown，———wasverykindofhim.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.(北京26).—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching，Bob？—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob——youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that5(上海34).Mozart‘sbirthplaceandthehouse——hecomposed“TheMagicflute‘’arebothmuseumsnow.A.WhereB.whichC.whenD.that6.(江苏23).Becauseofthefinancialcrisis，daysaregone_____Local5-starhotelscharged6000yuanforonenight.A.ifB.WhenC.whichD.sinceBBAAAB单项选择(2009全国各省高考题)..7(湖南26).IwasborninNewOrleans，Louisiana，acity——namewillcreatapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.WhichB.ofwhichC.ThatD.whose8(重庆34)..Lifeislikealongrace——wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.