基于单片机防酒后驾驶设计

1基于单片机防酒后驾驶设计王飞物理与电子信息学院电子信息工程2011级指导教师：谢春茂摘要：随着人类文明进程的推进，以及汽车工业的发展，越来越多的人拥有自己的车。随之而来的道路交通安全问题越来越严重，不少人在马路上终结了自己宝贵的生命。在我国问题更为突出，尤其是我国人口密度大，交通相对拥挤，还有不少驾驶员无视交通规则，事故频发，其中大部分是由酒后驾驶造成的，因为大多数驾驶者存在侥幸心理，而且我国对酒后驾驶的处罚比较轻，目前交警通常使用手持式酒精测试仪来查处酒驾者，但这种方法不能时刻监督驾驶员，无法做到提前制止，防患于未然。针对这种现象，我设计了一种能够防止酒后驾驶的自动控制系统。该系统由酒精传感器、数据采集及信号放大、ADC0809数模转换器、AT89S52单片机、蜂鸣器报警、LCD显示以及继电器组成。主要研究了对不同的区间浓度和电压转换关系做线性处理。将采集到的模拟电压信号经模数转换器转换成数字信号，送入单片机，通过单片机进行计算输出控制信号。当司机体内酒精浓度超标时，该系统能够自动切断汽车的启动系统电源，同时发出声音报警，并通过液晶实时显示酒精浓度，实现了自动控制功能。该系统需要驾驶者在汽车点火前先进行吹气测试，如果测试结果超过安全水平，在驾驶员用钥匙发动时，继电器将工作，汽车将不能开启，该装置可以用来防止酒后驾驶。关键词：酒后驾驶；单片机；传感器2BasedonMCUagainstdrunkdrivingdesignWangfeiPhysicalandelectronicinformationinstitute,electronicinformationengineeringGrade2011Instructor:XiechunmaoAbstract:Withtheadvancementofhumancivilization,andthedevelopmentofautomobileindustry,moreandmorepeopleowntheirowncars.Followtheroadtrafficsafetyproblemmoreandmoreserious,alotofpeopleintheendhispreciouslifeontheroad.Problemismoreoutstandinginourcountry,especiallyourcountrypopulationdensityisbig,thetrafficisrelativelyheavy,manydriversignoretrafficrules,frequentaccidents,mostofwhicharecausedbydrunkdriving,becausemostofthedriversisflukypsychology,andthepenaltyfordrunkdrivinginChinaislight,thetrafficpoliceusuallyhandheldalcoholtesterwereusedtoinvestigatedrunkdriving,butthismethodcannotmomentmonitordriver,can'tstopinadvance,nipinthebud.Aimingatthisphenomenon,Idesignedakindofautomaticcontrolsystemtopreventdrunkdriving.Thesystemconsistsofalcoholsensor,dataacquisitionandsignalamplification,ADC0809analog-to-digitalconverters,AT89S52singlechipmicrocomputer,abuzzeralarm,LCDdisplayandthecompositionofrelay.Mainlystudyondifferentintervalconcentrationandvoltageconversionrelationshipdolinearprocessing.Willbecollectedintheanalogvoltagesignalbytheadcconvertsdigitalsignals,intosinglechipmicrocomputer,controlledbysinglechipmicrocomputertocalculatetheoutputsignal.Whenthedriverexcessalcoholconcentrationinthebody,thesystemcanautomaticallycutoffthecartostartthesystempowersupply,atthesametime,voicealarm,andthroughtheLCDreal-timedisplayalcoholconcentration,realizedtheautomaticcontrolfunction.Thesystemneedstobeadriverinthecarignitionbeforeblowingtest,iftestresultsexceedsafelevels,inthepilotwithakey,relaywillwork,carswillnotbeabletoopen,thedevicecanbeusedtopreventdrunkdriving.Keywords:Drunkdriving;MCU;Sensor3目录第一章绪论...............................................................................................................51.1课题研究的目的及意义......................................................................................51.1.1课题研究的目的..........................................................................................51.1.2课题研究的意义..........................................................................................51.2预防酒驾的国内外研究现状.............................................................................51.2.1国外研究现状..............................................................................................51.2.2国内研究现状..............................................................................................61.3设计内容.............................................................................................................61.4论文结构.............................................................................................................6第二章防酒后驾驶控制系统的设计方案.................................................................62.1设计思路.............................................................................................................62.2系统方案设计.....................................................................................................72.2.1酒精传感器的选型.......................................................................................72.2.2单片机的选型...............................................................................................82.2.3模数转换芯片的选型...................................................................................8第三章系统硬件设计.................................................................................................83.1酒精传感器测试电路的设计.............................................................................93.2信号采集放大电路设计.....................................................................................93.3A/D转换电路的设计..........................................................................................93.4单片机最小系统...............................................................................................103.4.1时钟脉冲电路.............................................................................................103.4.2复位电路.....................................................................................................113.4.3AT89S52的主要技术性能特点................................................................113.5LCD液晶显示电路设计..................................................................................133.6蜂鸣器报警电路设计.......................................................................................153.7继电器驱动电路设计......................................................