关于自然拼读教学经验分享

导入：拼音和自然拼读会相互干扰么？•自然拼读和汉语拼音之间存在语言迁移现象。语言迁移是指两种语言之间的相互影响，一般分为正迁移和负迁移。当两种语言的规则相似时，两种语言会产生积极、正面的影响，叫“正迁移”；反之则叫“负迁移”。语言迁移在二语习得中是不可避免的，也就是说母语对外语学习的影响是不容忽视的。•英文字母和汉语拼音都是26个拉丁字母，尽管有些字母发音不一样，但的确有不少相同和相似的发音，比如/b//f//h//k//l//m//n//p//s//t//w//y/等。因此我们可以利用汉语拼音的正迁移帮助孩子更快地掌握自然拼读。对孩子来说，语言学习是一个不断接触和了解、不断犯错，然后不断修正的过程。实践证明，孩子在语言敏感期具有超乎大人想象的区分能力和自我调节能力，即使有个别混淆的情况也能很快纠正，比如在英语课堂上a念/a/，而在语文课上a要念成“啊”。当遇到一个生词…Phonics：掌握音形对应规则→连音成词音标：翻字典→查音标→标注音标→读出（破坏了阅读的流畅性）Phonics解决了碰到生词无法张口的窘境Approachestophonicsinstruction•综合型自然拼读法Syntheticphonics:Transforminglettersandlettercombinationsintosoundsandthenblendingthesoundstogethertoformwords.•类比型自然拼读法AnalogyPhonics:Usingarimeinafamiliarwordtoidentifyanunfamiliarwordhavingthesamerime.Example:Use“cious”inafamiliarwordtoteachunfamiliarwordssuchasdelicious,precious,etc.•分析型自然拼读法AnalyticPhonics:•Identifyfamiliarwordsandthenintroduceasound/spellingrelationshipwithinthatword.Example:Identifythesoundof“c”fromcity,cell,cyberanduseotherwordswiththissuchascivil,center,cycleTeachingthebasicskills•Teachingthealphabet:letternames,lettersoundsandletterformation•Phonologicalawareness:Teachingblendingforwordreadingandsegmentingforspelling.Teachingthealphabet•Thelettersofthealphabetrepresentthespeechsoundsofthelanguageandchildrenneedtolearnthatlettersmustbeconnectedtotheirsoundsinordertopronounceunfamiliarprintedwords.•(Watson&Johnston,2000)•lettername,lettersound,letterformationAcathasaname.Docatssay“cat”?NO!Catssay“Meow~”•LettersoundLettername•音素Phonemeone-to-one字素Grapheme•/d/d•/b/b•one-to-many•/ɜː/bird•nurse•/eɪ/pain•day•many-to-one•/ɪə/•/eə/dear,bearPhonologicalawareness•Teachingblendingforwordreading&segmentingforspelling.•Thegoalofphonicsistoenablebeginningreaderstosegmentanddecodenewwrittenwordsbysoundingthemout,orinphonicsterms,blendingthesound-spellingpatterns.•(Wikipedia)见词能读•看到词形beach•思考音形对应规则letter-soundcorrespondence•解码(decode)b-/b/,ea-/i:/,ch-/tʃ/•连音成词(blend)/b/+/i:/+/tʃ/→/bi:tʃ/听词能写听到音/klæp/思考音形对应规则letter-soundcorrespondence切分(segment)/kl/-/æ/-/p/编码(decode)/kl/-cl,/æ/-a,/p/-p书写cl-a-p→clapLet'strytoread…supercalifragilisticexpialidociousThankyou!