PWM-加移相控制双有源全桥双向DC-DC-变换器的研究

中图分类号TM461论文编号102870313-S135学科分类号080804硕士学位论文PWM加移相控制双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器的研究研究生姓名杨敏学科、专业电力电子与电力传动研究方向功率电子变换技术指导教师阮新波教授南京航空航天大学研究生院自动化学院二О一三年三月NanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronauticsTheGraduateSchoolCollegeofAutomationEngineeringPWMPlusPhase-ShiftControlforDualActiveFull-BridgeDC-DCConverterAThesisinElectricalEngineeringbyYangMinAdvisedbyProfessorRuanXinboSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofMasterofEngineeringMarch,2013承诺书本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本学位论文的研究成果不包含任何他人享有著作权的内容。对本文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人授权南京航空航天大学可以有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅，可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存论文。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本承诺书）作者签名：日期：南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文I摘要在可再生能源发电系统中，由于可再生能源存在间歇性和随机性的问题，需要引入储能装置，以便于提供稳定连续的电能。储能装置一般通过一个双向DC-DC变换器来控制能量的双向传输。双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器具有开关器件电压电流应力相对小、结构对称以及易实现开关管的零电压开关(Zero-Voltage-Switching，ZVS)等优点，适用于中大功率场合。本文研究该变换器的控制策略，以提高宽输入或输出电压范围内的变换效率。本文首先介绍移相控制时双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器的工作原理和工作特性，解释了其轻载时不能实现软开关的原因。在此基础上，本文详细分析单PWM加移相控制时双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器的工作原理和工作特性，提出了一种优化的单PWM加移相控制策略，使变换器在宽电压范围且全负载范围内实现所有开关管的ZVS，且大大减小了电感电流有效值。为了进一步减小轻载时电路中的环流损耗，本文详细分析了双PWM加移相控制时双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器的工作特性，提出一种复合PWM加移相控制策略，使得轻载时电感电流有效值最小且临界实现ZVS。本文最后研制一台360V输入、216V~360V输出的3kW原理样机，并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明，本文所提出的优化单PWM加移相控制策略和复合PWM加移相控制策略是可行性，相对于移相控制方法，变换器的整体效率在宽电压范围内都得到提高。尽管复合PWM加移相控制策略在轻载时电感电流有效值最小，但轻载时只是临界实现ZVS，此时的效率低于优化单PWM加移相控制策略。关键词：双向DC-DC变换器，移相控制，脉宽调制，软开关PWM加移相控制双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器的研究IIABSTRACTRenewableenergyhavsthefeatureofintermittenceandrandomness,energystoragedevicesarealwaysintegratedwiththerenewableenergygenerationunitstoprovidestableandcontinuouspower.Ingeneral,abidirectionaldc-dcconverterisrequiredtocontrolbidirectionalpowertransferoftheenergystoragedevices.Thedualactivefull-bridgebidirectional(DAB)dc-dcconverterisideallysuitedforhighpowerapplicationsbecauseoflowvoltageandcurrentstressesforpowerdevices,symmetricstructureandrealizationofzero-voltage-switching(ZVS).ThisthesisisdedicatedtoproposingthecontrolstrategyoftheDABconvertertoimprovetheoverallefficiencyoverthewideinputorwideoutputvoltagerange.TheoperatingprincipleandcharacteristicsoftheDABconverterwithphase-shiftedcontrolisfirstanalyzedinthisthesis,andtheZVSlostatlightloadisexplained.Basedonthis,theoperatingprincipleandcharacteristicsoftheDABconvertewithsingle-sidePWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolisanalyzed,andanoptimalsingle-sidePWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolisproposedtorealizeZVSoverthewholeloadrangewhilegreatlyreducetheroot-mean-square(RMS)current.Tofurtherreducethecirculationlossatlightload,thecharacteristicsoftheDABconverterindual-sidePWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolisanalyzedandahybridPWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolisproposed,inwhich,theRMScurrentisminimumandtheDABconverterachievescriticalZVSatlightload.A3kWprototypewith360Vinputand216V~360Voutputvoltageisbuiltandtestedinthelabtoverifythefeasibilityoftheproposedoptimalsingle-sidePWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolandhybridPWMplusphase-shiftedcontrol.TheexperimentalresultsshowthattheoverallefficiencyisimprovedwiththetwoproposedcontrolandtheRMScurrentatlightloadwithhybridPWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolstrategyisreducedcomparedtothatwithoptimalsingle-sidePWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolstrategy.However,theefficiencywithhybridPWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolislowerthanthatwithsingle-sidePWMplusphase-shiftedcontrolduetothecriticalZVSatlightload.Keywords:Bidirectionaldc-dcconverter;Phase-shiftedcontrol;PulsewidthModulation,Soft-switching.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文III目录第一章绪论..........................................................................................................................................11.1可再生能源发电......................................................................................................................11.2基本的双向DC-DC变换器...................................................................................................21.3双有源桥式双向DC-DC变换器...........................................................................................41.4本文研究内容及意义..............................................................................................................61.4.1研究内容.......................................................................................................................61.4.2研究意义.......................................................................................................................6第二章移相控制双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器............................................................................72.1移相控制双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器的工作原理.......................................................72.2移相控制双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器的工作特性.......................................................92.2.1传输功率.......................................................................................................................92.2.2软开关范围.................................................................................................................112.3本章小结...............................................................................................................................12第三章单PWM加移相控制双有源全桥双向DC-DC变换器........................................