PWM控制的FPGA实现

毕业设计(论文)课题名称直流电机PWM控制的FPGA实现学生姓名学号院、年级专业指导教师职称年月日I摘要文章详细地介绍了直流电机的类型、结构、工作原理、PWM调速原理以及FPGA集成芯片。并对直流电机PWM调速系统方案的组成、硬件电路设计、程序设计及系统仿真分别进行了详细的叙述。拟开发的直流电机PWM调速装置具有调速范围宽、低功耗、可实现在线调试等特点。本系统是以FPGA为其控制核心，输入电路以键盘作为输入方式向FPGA控制系统发出控制命令，以有源晶振构成的时钟电路发出信号。控制系统接收命令后直接向H型桥式驱动电路发出PWM控制信号。输出电路主要实现正反转、起停控制、速度在线可调功能。本设计已通过了实验仿真。关键词：直流电机；PWM；FPGA；有源晶振IIAbstractThispaperintroducesclearlytheconstructionandtheprincipleofDCMotorandtheprincipleoftheSpeedControlbasedonPWMandintegratedFPGAchip.AnddescribesdetaillyandoperatelytheprogramofDCMotorspeedcontrolbasedonPWMhowtobeformedandthedesignofthehardwarecircuit,thedesignandtheSystemSimulation.ThedeviceofDCMotorspeedcontrolbasedonPWMbeinginventedhasthefollowcharacteristics:widespeedcontrolrange,lowpoweridle,debuggingonlineandsoon,atthesametime,itcanachievetheautomation.ThecontrolcenterofthesystemistheFPGA,andtheinputcircuitdeliverstheordersoverthekeyboardasitsinputmethodtotheFPGAadoptingthewayoftheBreach.Whilequartzcrystalclockcircuitandinverterwhichisconsistedofharmonicoscillatorclocksignalsenttothesystem,whentheFPGAreceivestheorders，andlatersendsthePWMsignaltotheoutputcircuit,witchistheline-clectricouhecircuitandtheHboardbridgedrivecircuit.TheoutputcircuitchieflycontrolsDCMotortomoveintheclockwiseortheotherdirection.Thedesignhasbeentestedthroughtheexperiment,andtheprogramisdebuggedsuccessfully.Keywords:DCMotor；PWM；FPGA；oscillator目录摘要..................................................................................................................IAbstract............................................................................................................II1前言...............................................................................................................11.1课题的来源....................................................................................................................11.2课题研究的目的和意义................................................................................................11.3课题国内外研究现状....................................................................................................21.4课题研究的主要内容....................................................................................................22直流电机PWM调速系统方案设计...............................................................42.1直流电机........................................................................................................................42.2直流电机调速原理........................................................................................................62.4基于单片机的直流电机PWM调速方案.....................................................................92.5基于FPGA的直流电机调速方案..............................................................................102.6方案论证......................................................................................................................113直流电机PWM调速控制电路设计.........................................................123.1系统工作原理..............................................................................................................123.2键盘电路设计..............................................................................................................133.3系统时钟电路设计......................................................................................................143.4H型桥式驱动电路设计...............................................................................................153.5电源电路设计..............................................................................................................173.6主要元器件简介..........................................................................................................184控制逻辑VHDL描述................................................................................204.1VHDL硬件描述语言...................................................................................................204.2FPGA内部逻辑组成....................................................................................................224.3PWM脉宽调制信号产生电路描述.............................................................................224.4运行控制逻辑电路描述..............................................................................................275直流电机PWM调速系统仿真.................................................................295.1FPGA开发环境的介绍................................................................................................295.2建立工程项目..............................................................................................................305.3正/反转控制仿真........................................................................................................355.4启/停控制仿真............................................................................................................365.5加/减速仿真................................................................................................................365.6仿真结果分析..............................................................................................................376总结.....................................................................