70被动语态.ppt语法

PassiveVoice•1.把原句的宾语改为主语。•2.把原句的谓语动词改为被动语态结构(be+p.p.)•3.把原句的主语改为by的宾语（用宾格）,可省略。•e.g.Shecleanedtheroom.•Theroomwascleaned(byher).主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要变？怎么变？(一)语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。eg.Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,等。eg.Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可与动词拆开或漏掉.这类动词有laughat,operateon（做手术）,lookafter,makeuseof（利用）、takecareof,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway（把...收起来，放好）,putoff（推迟）,turndown,workout,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Achildistakengoodcareof4.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday.→Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday.（二）某些动词用主动表被动？1.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.这里的look是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turnout,smell等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable.Therosessmellsweet.Themedicinetastesbitter.误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful2.want,need,require作“需要”解时及beworth,inneedof后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。Eg:1:Theflowerneeds/wants/requireswatering.Yourhairneeds/wants/requirescuttingThecomputerneeds/wants/requiresreqairing2:Thefilm/musicisworthlisteningto.3:Histeachingmethodisinneedofimproving3.不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时：1.Thesentenceiseasytounderstand.2.Shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith.3.Theboxisheavytolift4.Thepictureispleasanttolookat5.Thenovelisinterestingtoread此类形容词：•difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,•unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,comeabout,breakout,belongto,consistof,addupto,comeintobeing,cometrue,turnout等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.误：GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.（三)下列情况主动句不能改为被动句例如：据说……Itissaid/thoughtthat…据报导……Itisreportedthat…据推测……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.3)ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示主动变被动•1)Hecandothejob.••2)Myfatherborrowedthebookfromthelibraryyesterday.••3)Theprofessoraskedthestudentsaverydifficultquestion.•••4)Herparentsgaveheranewbikeonherbirthday.1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.A.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutD.aresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.----Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen3.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.A.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent7.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.A.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid10:Thewater___coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11:Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestion