中考英语复习课件--动词的分类 3

考标解读动词的分类1、实义/行为动词(及物与不及物动词)2、连系动词3、助动词4、情态动词一、动词的定义和分类英语中表示动作与状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。要点突破二、实义动词实义动词又称行为动词，本身具有比较完整的意义，能够在句中单独充当句子成分。实义动词可分为及物动词（TransitiveVerb）不及物动词（IntransitiveVerb），缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。及物动词要加宾语才能使意义完整；而不及物动词无宾语或不能直接加宾语。有的实义动词既可做vt也可作vi.Iwantanewdictionary.(vt.)Thatbabyiscrying.(vi.)Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.(vi.)JennyisstudyingFrench.(vt.)JennyisstudyingatNo.3MiddleSchool.(vi.)三、连系动词连系动词亦称系动词（LinkVerb）本身有词义,但不能独立做谓语,需跟其后的表语(n./adj./prep.phrases等)一起构成谓语。Heiswrong.系动词一般分为四类：3.感官动词(look,smell,taste,sound,feel)...起来4.表发展变化的词(become,turn,get,grow等)变得...1.be（am,is,are,was,were）是Hervoicesoundsbeautiful.Hisfaceturnedred.Heisstrong.2.keep(保持)keephealthy四、助动词助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）本身一般没有意思，可以和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等，也可以帮助句中主要动词构成否定，疑问或强调等。Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)常见的助动词有五个:be,do,have,shall,will.用法如下：常用的助动词及其用法1.do/does用于一般现在时，did用于一般过去时Didyougototheparkyesterday？(一般过去时，疑问句)Idon’tknowTom’stelephonenumber.(一般现在时，否定句)Tomdoesknowtheplacewell.(“助动词do(does/did)＋动词原形”表示强调)2.be(am,is,are,was,were,been)用于进行时和被动语态1)be+现在分词，构成进行时态Somechildrenareboatinginthepark.2)be+过去分词，构成被动语态TheglasswasbrokenbyJim.Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextweek.3.have(has,had)用于完成时态Ihaveseenthismovietwice.(现在完成时，肯定句)Jimhasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.(现在完成时，否定句)Hadthebusleftbythetimeyouarrivedatthebusstop?(过去完成时，疑问句)have/has/had+过去分词,构成完成时态4.shall/will(would)用于将来时will/shall＋动词原形-—表示一般将来时Hesaidhewouldcome.(过去将来时，肯定句)Willyoubefreetonight?(一般将来时，疑问句)Ishallnot(shan't)comeifitrainstomorrow.(一般将来时，否定句)shall只用于第一人称,would有时表委婉语气would＋动词原形-—表示过去将来时五、情态动词情态动词的基本特征情态动词本身有词义，表示需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或状态，但不能单独作谓语，只能同动词原形一道构成句子谓语，它们没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有:常见情态动词意义例句cancouldmaymight1.表“能力”,能,会2.表“许可”,可以3.表“推测”,可能1.can的过去式2.表委婉语气2.表“推测”,可能1.表“许可”,可以1.may的过去式2.表委婉语气IcanspeakEnglish.Youcangonow.Itcan’tbetrue.Couldyoudancethen？CouldIuseyourpen?Ithoughthemightgo.Itmayraintomorrow.MayIcomein?MightIsithere?3.表“推测”,可能3.表“推测”,可能Youcouldberight.Hemightknowtheanswer常见情态动词意义例句mustwillwouldshouldneed需要应该Needhegonow?Youshouldworkhard.Willyoucomehere?Imustleavetoday.Hemustbeathome.Hesaidhewouldhelpme?1.表“责任”,必须2.表“推测”,一定愿意1.will的过去式2.表委婉语气Wouldyougowithme?1.以must开头的疑问句，其否定回答要用needn’t.我必须现在就打扫教室吗？MustIcleantheclassroomnow?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.2.以may开头的疑问句，其否定回答要用mustn't.或can't－MayIsmokehere?－No,youmustn't.特殊用法：ThisTVdoesn’twork.wehavetobuyanewone.（客观上需要这样做）Youmusthandinyourexercisebookstoday.(主观要求)3.must和haveto1.)must表示说话人主观上的看法，意为“必须”，没有人称、数及时态的变化。2.)haveto表客观上的必要，意为“不得不”有人称、数及时态的变化.将来时用shall/willhaveto和过去式hadto。3.)在否定结构中don’thaveto表示“不必或没有必要”,但是mustn’t则表示“禁止、千万不要”的意思。你没有必要把此事告诉他。Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutthisthing.你千万不要把这消息告诉他。Youmustn’ttellhimthisnews.4.need的用法1.通常用于疑问句和否定句Youneedn'tworryaboutit.NeedIdothishomeworkfirst?2.由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或haveto.否定回答常用needn't.-NeedIanswerthequestion?-Yes,youmust/Yes,youhaveto.-No,Youneedn't.中考链接1.（2010岳阳）-_____youtelluswhatyousawinthemovielastnight?-Yes,sure.A.CouldB.ShouldC.Must2.（2011岳阳）-MustIhandinmyexercisebooknow,Mr.Zhao?-No,you__.Youmaygiveittometomorrow.A.needn'tB.mustn’tC.can't3.（2012岳阳）-Whoisthat?-It_____beShirly.Onlysheisinredtoday.A.couldB.mayC.must4.（2013岳阳）-_____Icomein,MissTao?-Comein,please.Butdon'tbelatenexttime.A.WouldB.MustC.May5.（2012湖北咸宁）Tom,you_______playwiththeknife.You______hurtyourself.A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;D.can't;should6.（2012甘肃鸡西市）—Isthatyourteacher?—That_____beMr.Wang.HehasgonetoJapanwithhiswife.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynot牛刀小试1.-DoyoulikethesongYouandMe?-Ofcourse.It_____verygreat.A.smellsB.tastesC.singsD.sounds2.-MayItakethisbookout?-No,you______.A.can'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.aren't3.Thechildrenalllooked____atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite____.A.sad;sadB.sadly;sadlyC.sad;sadlyD.sadly;sad4.He_____gototheairportyesterday,buthedidn'tfindyou.A.doesB.didC.do5.Thechildren_____playfootballontheroad.A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must6.MrSmith'splane_____yet,let'swaitforhimhere.A.hasn'tarrivedB.didn'tarriveC.doesn'tarriveD.couldn'tarrive