三相并联有源电力滤波器的研究

三相并联有源电力滤波器的研究ResearchonThree-PhaseShuntActivePowerFilter作者姓名徐和义学位类型学历硕士学科、专业电力电子与电力传动研究方向特种电源系统导师及职称徐宁教授2013年5月I三相并联有源电力滤波器的研究摘要近年来，随着电力电子装置的大量应用，谐波和无功已经对电网造成了严重危害，导致了电网电能质量下降。有源电力滤波器因其高性能的谐波抑制和无功补偿能力成为研究的热点，有着广阔的发展前景。因谐波和无功对电网产生了严重的污染，故对目前两种谐波治理方法进行介绍。第一种为改造谐波源，减少谐波产生；第二种为安装有源电力滤波器。与无源电力滤波器相比，有源电力滤波器因不受电网运行参数影响、能够对各次谐波进行补偿等众多优点，成为谐波治理的一个重要研究方向。本文详细介绍了有源电力滤波器分类、拓扑结构及其优缺点，推导出了三相并联有源电力滤波器数学模型。对常见的六种谐波检测方法进行详细的比较分析，选择了可行性较强的基于瞬时无功理论的ip-iq谐波检测方法。选取易于控制系统设计的固定开关频率PWM电流控制策略，并详细阐述了控制系统设计过程。考虑到硬件锁相电路存在延时和抗干扰能力差等缺点，故本文采用基于瞬时无功理论的新型数字锁相技术来提高系统可靠性。在MATLAB/SIMULINK软件中，对三相并联型有源电力滤波器系统进行仿真分析，并以德州仪器公司型号为TMS320F2812的DSP作为控制芯片，搭建了三相并联有源功率滤波器实验平台。实验结果表明，该系统能够很好地补偿电网中谐波及无功电流，证明了此系统的可行性与有效性。关键词：有源功率滤波器；谐波检测；瞬时无功理论；锁相IIResearchonThree-PhaseShuntActivePowerFilterABSTRACTInrecentyears,alongwithapplicationsofalargenumberofpowerelectronicdevices,harmonicandreactivepowerhascausedseriousharmtothegrid,leadingtoadeclineinthequalityofthegrid.Duetoitshigh-performanceinharmonicsuppressionandreactivepowercompensationcapabilities,activepowerfilterbecomesaresearchhotspotandhasbroaddevelopmentprospects.Twoharmoniccontrolmethodsareintroducedsincetheharmonicsandreactivepowermakeseriouspollutiononthegrid.Thefirstisthetransformationofharmonicsourcetoreduceharmonic;thesecondistheinstallationofactivepowerfilter.Comparedwiththepassivepowerfilter,theactivepowerfilterhasmanyadvantages,suchasoperatingwithouttheinfluenceofgridparametersandbeingabletocompensateforeachharmonic,andbecomesanimportantresearchdirectionofharmonicgovernance.Theclassification,topologyandtheiradvantagesanddisadvantagesofactivepowerfilteraredescribedinthispaper,andamathematicalmodelofthree-phaseshuntactivepowerfilterisalsoderived.Astrongfeasibleharmonicdetectionmethodofip-iqbasedoninstantaneousreactivepowertheoryisselectedwiththeanalysisofseveralcommonmethodsofharmonicdetection.ThefixedswitchingfrequencyPWMcurrentcontrolstrategy,whichcansimplifycontrolsystemdesign,isalsoselected.Thedesignprocessofcontrolsystemisdescribedindetail.Consideringthedisadvantagesofdelayandpooranti-interferenceabilityetcofhardwarephase-lockedcicuit,anewdigitalphase-lockedtechniquebasedoninstantaneousreactivepowertheoryisusedtoimprovethereliabilityofsystem.MATLAB/SIMULINKisusedtosimulateandanalyzethethree-phaseshuntactivepowerfiltersystem.Athree-phaseshuntactivepowerfilterexperimentalplatformisbuildwiththeTITMS320F2812DSPasthecontrolchip.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatthesystemcancompensatetheharmonicandreactivecurrentwell,whichalsoprovethefeasibilityandeffectivenessofthissystem.Keywords：ActivePowerFilter(APF);harmonicdetection;InstantaneousreactiveIIIcurrent;phase-lockedIV致谢本论文完成之时，我首先向杜少武老师、徐宁老师、黄海宏老师、张长征老师表示衷心感谢与祝福。在本人攻读硕士学位阶段，各位老师渊博的知识与严谨的治学态度给我树立学习的榜样，本人学业上每点进步都倾注了老师们心血。在生活上，各位老师豁达的胸怀和处世哲学给我树立积极向上的人生态度，将会令我受益无穷。感谢实验室陈洋、殷允阔、朱元付、徐凡、杨彩虹、苗智、汤玉清、王丽娟等所有的同学对我的无私帮助和关怀。最后，我要感谢我的家人，感谢我的父母。没有家人的支持与理解，我不可能走到今天。仅以此文献给所有关心我的人。作者：徐和义2013年4月29日V目录第一章绪论.......................................................................................................11.1引言............................................................................................................11.2谐波和无功功率的产生..............................................................................11.2.1谐波的基本概念...................................................................................11.2.2无功功率的产生...................................................................................21.3谐波的危害及无功功率的影响...................................................................31.3.1谐波的危害.........................................................................................31.3.2无功功率对电网的影响.......................................................................41.4谐波抑制和无功补偿..................................................................................41.4.1谐波抑制..............................................................................................41.4.2无功补偿..............................................................................................61.5本课题主要工作........................................................................................6第二章有源电力滤波器的分类及拓扑结构研究...............................................82.1引言...........................................................................................................82.2有源电力滤波器的发展.............................................................................82.3有源电力滤波器的分类.............................................................................82.3.1电压、电流型有源电力滤波器...........................................................92.3.2单相、三相和三相四线制有源电力滤波器.........................................92.3.3并联型、串联型以及混合型有源电力滤波器...................................102.4三相并联型有源电力滤波器的主电路拓扑研究....................................122.4.1并联有源电力滤波器的工作原理......................................................122.4.2三相并联有源电力滤波器的数学模型..............................................132.5小结.......................................................................................................15第三章有源电力滤波器的谐波电流检测方法..............................