超级电容器应用及其能量管理技术

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文超级电容器应用及其能量管理技术姓名：刘小宝申请学位级别：硕士专业：电力电子与电力传动指导教师：谢少军20090301iDC/DCiiAbstractThispaperisrelatedtotheapplicationsofsuper-capacitorinurbanmasstransportationregenerativebrakingsystem.Firstofall,super-capacitor,anovelenergystoragedevice,isintroducedindetail.Comparedwiththeconventionalenergystoragedevice,thesuper-capacitorhashigherpowerdensitythanbatteryandhigherenergydensitythanelectrolyticcapacitor.Thesecharacteristicsmakeitmoresuitableforinstantaneoushighpowerapplications.Intheapplicationofurbanmasstransportationregenerativebrakingsystem,super-capacitorisusedtoconstructtheenergystoragearray.Thepaperdiscussestheregenerativebrakingsystembasedonthesuper-capacitor,andtriestofindsomewaystodesigntheenergystoragearray,suchashowtodeterminatethesizeofarray,howtooptimizethestructureofarrayandhowtodesignthevoltageequalizationscheme.Finally,someattentionsarepaidtothenon-uniformityinsuper-capacitorterminalvoltages.Afteranalyzingtheexistingvoltageequalizer,anovelvoltageequalizationcircuitisproposed.Theproposedvoltageequalizationcircuitderivesenergyfromtheserialsuper-capacitorsstackandtransferstheenergytotheweakestsuper-capacitorcell.Theequalizerbalancesthewholestackbycompensatingweaksuper-capacitorcellssequentially.Unlikepreviousmethods,whichincludecomplexcircuitsdetectingandcomparingvoltagesofthecapacitorcells,thenovelequalizercanrealizeautonomicvoltageequalizationwithoutvoltagedetectionandcomparison.Also,thankstothezerovoltageandzerocurrentswitchingofthepowerdevices,theequalizerhashighefficiencyandsmallsize.Voltageequalizationabilityoftheproposedequalizerisverifiedbysimulationandexperimentresults.Keywords:Super-capacitor,Regenerativebraking,Energystorage,Voltageequalization,ZVZCS,DC/DCconverterv1.1SITRAS.....................................................................................21.2SITRAS.............................................................................................21.3.................................................................................................41.4.....................................................................................................52.1.......................................102.2.......................................................................................122.3...............................................................................................................162.4...............................................................................................182.5....................................................................................................................192.6SITRAS...........................................................203.1...............................................................................223.2...................................................................................243.3.......................................................................................................253.4...........................................................................................................263.5BUCK-BOOST.......................................................................263.6BUCK-BOOST.......................................................................273.7...........................................................................................283.8.......................................................................................283.9.......................................................................................303.10.................................................313.11.................................................................................................323.12.............................................................................................................333.13.....................................................................................................343.14.....................................................................................................383.15.....................................................................383.16.............................................................................393.17.............................................................................403.18.........................................................................................................41vi3.19.................................................................................423.20.....................................................................................................433.21.........................................................................................443.22.............................................................................................................443.23.................................................................................................................463.24.........................................................................................463.25.........................