管理与管理者 管理学

©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010第一章Chapter1卓越管理者：做什么以及怎么做TheExceptionalManagerWhatYouDo,HowYouDoIt1-2©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010目录TableofContents1.1管理：意义与效益1.2管理者的六大挑战1.3管理者做什么：四个主要职能1.4权力金字塔：管理层级和领域1.5管理者扮演的角色1.6管理者技能1-3©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010开场白：典型的管理风格Findtherightmanagementstyle1.苹果创始人SteveJobs管理理念：“非黑即白，绝无过渡”1-4©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010典型的管理风格Findtherightmanagementstyle2.MTV总裁JudyMcGrath“Shehastraitssuchaspickinggoodpeople,perseverance,encouragingananything-is-possiblespiritinwhichpeoplefeelsafeandarenotafraidtofail,andcriticalabilitytodealwithsurprisesandchange.”1-5©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,20101.1管理：意义与效益Management:WhatItIs,WhatItsBenefitsAre•管理者是任务导向、成果导向及人员导向的，而且是在组织内运作。Managersaretarget-oriented,result-orientedandpeople-oriented,andoperatewithinanorganization.•组织共同合作以达成特定目标的一群人。Agroupofpeoplewhoworktogethertoachievesomespecificpurpose。1-6©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010管理的定义Managementisdefinedas：1.对组织资源进行计划、组织、领导及控制Planning,organizing,leading,andcontrollingtheorganization’sresources2.整合人们的工作Integratingtheworkofpeoplethrough3.有效率、有效果地达成组织目标Thepursuitoforganizationalgoalsefficientlyandeffectivelyby1.1管理：意义与效益Management:WhatItIs,WhatItsBenefitsAre1-7©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010•做事有效率是指有智慧地、以合乎成本效用的方式利用资源（包括人力资源、金钱、原材料等），是实现目标的手段。Tobeefficientmeanstouseresources-people,money,rawmaterials,andthelike-wiselyandcost-effectively1.1管理：意义与效益Management:WhatItIs,WhatItsBenefitsAre1-8©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010•做事有效果是指获得成果、做正确的决策及成功地实现决策，以达成组织的目标。Tobeeffectivemeanstoachieveresults,tomaketherightdecisionsandtosuccessfullycarrythemoutsothattheyachieveorganizationalgoals1.1管理：意义与效益Management:WhatItIs,WhatItsBenefitsAre1-9©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010CaseStudyI（Page6）•Manycompaniesnowusearecorded“telephonemenu”ofoptionstoanswercustomercalls•Thisisefficientforthecompanies,butnoteffective•Mostconsumerspreferaliveagent1-10©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010CaseStudyII•汉堡王想要延长工作时间以提升顾客数，这是企图改善组织的：BurgerKingdecidedtoaddbreakfasttoitshoursofoperationinordertoincreaseitscustomers.Thiswasanattempttoimprovetheorganization's:A.效果EffectivenessB.计划PlanningC.策略LeadingStrategyD.效率Efficiency1-11©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010管理实践的意义RewardsofPracticingManagement•你和部属会体验到成就感。Youandyouremployeescanexperienceasenseofaccomplishment•你可以发挥所长、扩大成就范围。Youcanstretchyourabilitiesandmagnifyyourrange•你可以记录成功史。Youcanbuildacatalogofsuccessfulproductsorservices1.1管理：意义与效益Management:WhatItIs,WhatItsBenefitsAre1-12©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,20101.2管理者的六大挑战SixChallengestoBeingaStarManager1.为获得竞争优势－领先竞争对手2.以应对多样性3.管理全球化－拓展管理版图4.信息技术下的管理5.为道德标准而管理6.个人幸福及人生目标的管理1-13©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010挑战一：获得竞争优势-领先竞争对手Managingforcompetitiveadvantage–stayingaheadofrivals竞争优势Competitiveadvantage组织比竞争对手在产品及服务方面做得更有效能的能力。1.顾客反应Beingresponsivetoconsumers2.创新Innovation3.品质Quality4.效率Efficiency1-14©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010CasestudyIII(Page8)LosingCompetitiveAdvantage:HowDidNewspapersLoseTheirWay?•First:GivingAwaytheProduct-Newspaperproprietors,decidedtopromotetheirproductbygivingitawayforfreetovariousWebsites•Second:RelyingTooMuchonAdvertisingforRevenue-fordecadespublishersreliedforrevenuesmoreonadvertisingthanonreaderswillingtopay1-15©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010挑战二：管理以应对多样性ManagingforDiversity-thefuturewon’tresemblethepast•现在企业人员的种族、年龄、文化、专业领域和其他许多个人特征越来越多元化。Thesedaysthemixofracialorethnicorculturalgroupsinacompanyisbecomingmorediverse.•作为管理者需要具有十分高超的多样性管理技巧。Thechallengetothemanageristomaximizethecontributionsofthesediverseemployees.1-16©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010挑战三：管理全球化-拓展管理版图ManagingforGlobalization-theexpandingmanagementuniverse•如无法很好的理解文化间的差异，组织全球化管理可能因此收到影响。Notunderstandingculturaldifferencescanaffecthowwellorganizationsmanageglobally.•管理全球化将会是一个复杂持续的挑战过程。Managingforglobalizationwillbeacomplex,ongoingchallenge.1-17©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010挑战四：信息科技下的管理ManagingforInternationalTechnology•通过网络进行产品及服务的买卖，电子商务重新塑造了整个产业。InformationtechnologyhasfacilitatedE-business,usingtheInternettofacilitateeveryaspectofrunningabusiness1-18©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010挑战四：信息科技下的管理ManagingforInternationalTechnology•信息科技对管理的影响：加快决策的同时可能产生更多的分歧及压力；对组织结构、工作岗位、目标设定及知识管理等方面带来的巨变。Accelerateddecisionmaking,conflict,andstress;Changesinorganizationalstructure,jobs,goalsetting,andknowledgemanagement1-19©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010CasestudyIV•约翰希望销售人员用蓝芽手机来改善销售。这是哪一种挑战？JohnwantshissalespeopletouseBlackberriestoimprovetheirsales.Whichchallengeishetryingtomanage?A.多样性DiversityB.信息科技InformationTechnologyC.竞争优势CompetitiveAdvantageD.全球化Globalization1-20©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010挑战五：为道德标准而管理ManagingforEthicalStandards•出于销售业绩的压力，管理者可能面临道德困惑。Withthepressuretomeetsalestargets,managerscanfaceethicaldilemmas.•近年发生的如安然、泰科等一系列丑闻事件更加突显了商业道德行为的重要性。ThescandalsofEnronandTycohighlightedtheimportanceofethicalbehaviorindoingbusiness.1-21©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2010挑战六：个人幸福及人生目标的管理Managingforyourownhappiness&lifegoals•许多人不愿将成为一名管理者视为人生目标。Manypeoplesimplydon’tfindbeingamanagerfulfilling.•另一些喜爱与人相处且