The History of the Britain 英国历史

Lecture2TheHistoryoftheBritainaWhat?bTimelines(mainlyBritain)PrehistoricBritainRomanBritain(43AD-410AD)Anglo-Saxon(446AD-871AD)VikingandDanish(793)Normans(MiddleAges)(1066-1453)TudorBritain(1485-1603)StuartBritain(1063-1714)HanoverBritain(1714-1901)ModernBritainI.PrehistoricBritainstonehengebuiltfrom4000BCto2000BC.aworldheritagesiteStoneandBronzeAges.MapshowingthelocationofStonehengeStonehengeOneofthemostfamoussitesintheworldCelts:warringtribesTheywerewarriors,livingforthegloriesofbattleandplunder.I.PrehistoricBritainCeltsTheycameinthreemainwaves:a.Gaelsat600BC(Gaelic)b.Brythonsat400BCc.Belgaeat150BCCeltsTheywerealsothepeoplewhobroughtironworkingtotheBritishIslesII.RomanBritain(43AD-410AD)EmperorClaudius2.1Background:a.BritishCeltsfoughtwithrelatedtribesinGaulagainsttheRomans.b.Forgold,pearl…RomanConquest2.2ThreeinvasionsII.RomanBritain(43AD-410AD)Hadrian’sWall2.3ThreeProblemsa.Pictsstillattackedperiodicallyb.Saxonpiratesattackedinthesoutheastc.Controlwasonlyeffectiveinthesouth-easternpartofthecountryPushingintoScotland,TheRomansbuiltagiganticwall,Hadrian'sWall,tocontrolthefrontier.ThelocationofHadrian'sWallHadrian'sWallII.RomanBritain(43AD-410AD)2.4ReasonforWithdraw(410)a.BarbariansatthegatesofRomeb.RepeatedattacksfromPictsandScotsc.GermanicSaxontribesinvadingfromEuropeII.RomanBritain(43AD-410AD)2.5Results&InfluenceRomanBatha.Romanprovinceforabout400years.b.CeltsdriventoScotlandandWalesc.Networkoftownsandroads:d.Christianitye.EnglishwordsLatinIII.Anglo-Saxon(446-871)3.1TeutonicTribesJutes,Saxons,andAnglesfromnownorthGermanyandDenmarkBritonsweredriventothemountainsorkeptasslavesIII.Anglo-Saxon(446-871)theAnglessettledinEastAnglia,theMidlandsandtheNorththeSaxonssettledintheSouthandMidlandstheJutessettledintheSouthandSoutheast3.2KingArthurKingArthur,aRomano-Britonwarrior,betweenAD400andAD600.Alegendaryfigureinthe5thcenturyADinBritishhistory.12knights“roundtable”ExcaliburStatueofKingArthurTheLadyoftheLakegivesExcaliburtoKingArthurIII.Anglo-Saxon(446-871)3.3HeptarchyKent(Jutes)Sussex(theSouthSaxons)Wessex(theWestSaxons)Essex(theEastSaxons)EastAngliaMercia(theMiddleAngles)NorthumbriaSaxonsAngles4.1BackgroundIV.VikingandDanish(793-1035)•793AD:TheNorwegianVikingsandtheDanesfromDenmark•posingathreattotheSaxonkingdom.IV.VikingandDanish(793-1035)4.2KingAlfredtheGreat(849-899)a.arelativelyfriendlyagreementin879.a.Danes--northandeastofEnglandb.Alfred,kingofWessex,ruledtherestV.Normans(MiddleAge)(1066-1453)EdwardtheConfessorBattleofHastingsV.heNormanConquest5.1Process1.1066.10.14thebattleonSenlacFieldnearHastings,whereHaroldwaskilled.2.1066Christmas,WilliamcrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbeyBattleofHastingsV.TheNormanConquest5.2Significance1.thebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.regardedastherealbeginningofBritishhistory2.confiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittoNormanfollowers.3.thefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland4.relationswiththeContinentwereopenedandcivilizationandcommercewereextended5.Norman-Frenchculture,language,manners,andarchitecturewereintroducedRobinHood5.3HundredYears’WarwithFrance(1337－1453)SaintJoanofArcEdwardIII5.4BlackDeath(1348－1349)BlackDeathinaEuropeantownMatcheachoftheitemsontheleftwithitsmeaningontheright.•1.Stonehenge•2.Renaissance•3.Briton•4.KingArthur•5.BlackDeath•a.thegreatancientstonecircleduring4000BC-2000BC•b.anoldwaytocalltheBritishpeople•c.alegendaryfigureinthe5thcenturyAD•d.aplagueinthe14thcenturykilling3/4ofEuropeanpopulation.•e.therevivalofclassicalliteratureandartisticstylesinEuropeanhistoryDoyouagreewiththewordsthat“Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion”?Illustrateyourviewwiththeinformationfromthetext.After-classquestion•VI.ComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales•Area•Population•City(capital&biggest)•Physicalfeatures:England:highlyurbanized;relativelyflatScotland:themostrugged;sparselypopulated;mainlyinlowlandzone;mountainsandlakesinhighlands.Wales:closetocentralEngland;hillierandmoreruggedthanit.ComparisonofEngland,Scotland&WalesVI.ComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales•History:England:ahistoryofinvasions1.Celticpeople2.RomanEmpire(400years)-smallkingdoms3.Germanicpeople:theAnglesandSaxonKingArthur&RoundTableKnights4.Vikings5.NormansfromnorthernFranceWilliamtheConquerordifferenceofS.andN.•History:Scotland:1.BritishCeltsdisplacedbySaxoninvasion.2.6thCenturyAD:Scots(N.I.)vs.Picts(Original)3.Vikingraids:heroes(BraveHeart—WilliamWallace)4.In1603,JamesVIJamesI(England)5.Theunion:peacefulComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales•History:Wales:1.AlandofCelticpeopleoriginally.2.InvadedbytheRomans.3.AgainaCelticland(separatekingdoms)4.PressurefromEnglishneighbors5.In1536,legalunionComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales”“Evaluation•England–arichlyunconventionalinteriorlifehiddenbyanexternalconformity(p7)表面上似乎一致，但实际上保持着强烈的独特的生活方式”“Evaluation•Scotland–superficiallyfullyintegratedintotheU.K.,butconcealedbeneaththisisastill-strongScottishidentity(p10)表面上已经与英国融为一体，但实际上仍保持了强烈的苏格兰特征。Edinburgh-thecapitalofScotlandGlasgow-thelargestcityTartankilt格子呢裙”“Evaluation•ModernWaleslackssomeoftheoutwardsignsofdifferen