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第1页共7页被动语态复习翻译1.孩子们是不被允许在河里游泳的。____________________________________________________________2.这台电脑有点问题,需要检修一下。___________________________________________________________3.对不起,这张桌子已经有人预定了。___________________________________________________________4.你知道那把伞被谁拿走了么?___________________________________________________________5.这个城市的地铁是前年造的。___________________________________________________________被动语态复习(一)语态分类:英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的,被动语态表示主语是动作的。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态结构:例句:(自己造个句子)(二)被动语态的用法:【解析1】当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。例:Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。【解析2】不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例:这座桥是去年建造的。________________________________________________.【解析3】突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者,用“by+人”的短语。例:ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。(三)被动语态的时态变化:通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现,done不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。以do为例,掌握下列时态的被动结构,形式变化如下:语法复习第2页共7页【解析1】一般现在时的被动:例:()1.English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken【正确答案】___________【考点/易错点】________________________________________________________【解析2】一般过去时的被动:例:()1.ThePeople’sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound【正确答案】___________【考点/易错点】________________________________________________________【解析3】一般将来时的被动:例:()1.MynewbikeTomtomorrowA.willlendB.willlentC.willbelentD.willbelentto【正确答案】___________【考点/易错点】________________________________________________________【解析4】现在完成时的被动:例:()1.---CanyousingthisEnglishsong?---Ofcourse,Ican.Itmanytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.hastaughtC.istaughtD.hasbeentaught【正确答案】___________【考点/易错点】________________________________________________________【解析5】情态动词的被动:例:()1.Thesickgirltothehospitalatonce.A.mustsendB.bemustsentC.mustbesentD.besent【拓展】以下时态的被动语态作一般了解:现在进行时:am/is/are+being+done过去进行时:was/were+being+done过去完成时:had+been+done过去将来时:should/would+bedone第3页共7页(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法:例句:1.Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.执行者动词承受者变为→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.承受者谓语by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。(五)语态转换时所注意的问题:【解析1】把主动语态变为被动语态时,先找原主动句中的动宾短语,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。练习:Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.=Anewcomputer_____________bought.【解析2】含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语。练习:Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语改为主语,则在间接宾语前加适当的介词,句子改写为:_________________________________________回忆:还有哪些动词后,在间接宾语前用介词to?哪些动词后,在间接宾语前用介词for?介词to:介词for:【解析3】由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有:(1).动词+介词例:laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,workon等。(2).动词+副词例:sellout,findout,giveup,handin,workout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turnon,wakeup等。例句:ThemostdifficultproblemwasworkedoutbyTom.Thesongisoftenlistenedtobygirls.【解析4】带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。例1.Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthbekeptclean)例2.Shetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo)第4页共7页→Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo)注意:在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都补上to。例:Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.记住下列变化:seesbdo…beseentodohearsbdo….beheardtodolistentosbdo…belistenedtotodomakesbdo…bemadetodo【解析5】有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或使用性能,是不及物动词,不用被动语态,常见的有:write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。例1:Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。例2:Thenewcomputersellswell.这新产品很畅销。例3:Theprinterprintsquickly.这个打印机打印很快。对比:Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)【解析6】只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句:(1).感官连系动词无被动意义,如:feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等。例①.Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误:Itisfeltverysoft.例②.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误:Thefoodistasteddelicious.例③.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误:Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.(2).一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如:takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cometrue等。例①.Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.误:Theaccidentwastakenplacelastnight..(3).不及物动词没有被动语态,如:rise,happen,succeed,lie等。例①.Thesunhasalreadyrisen.误:Thesunhasalreadybeenrisen.(4).宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动第5页共7页句子的主语。例①.ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误:MyselfwastaughtEnglish.【解析7】在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。例①.据说„„Itissaidthat„例②.据报导„„Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.例③.众所周知„„ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.【解析8】注意区别系表结构(be+adj.)和被动语态。第6页共7页【课堂检测】姓名:得分:一、用动词的正确语态填空。1.English_________(speak)themostwidelyintheworld.2.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.3.Thetown___________(call)Rugao.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.5.What_____aknife______(make)of?It___________(make)ofmetalandwood.6.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.7.Theroom_____________(clean)byMumalready.Youdon’tneedtocleanit.8.Thesportsmeeting________________(hold)inaweek.9.Heishappythathisdream_______________(come)true.10.Thecinema_______________(build)in1985.二.选择题:()1.Greatchanges______inChina.A.arehappenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened()2.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD
本文标题:被动语态专项练习
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