概念性流域水文模型的比较-张俊

40220074()EngineeringJournalofWuhanUniversityVol.40No.2Apr.2007:2006206205:(19822),,,,.:(:104204)(:2005DFA20520).:167128844(2007)0220001206,,,(,430072):5,,4,.:,;,;,;TOPMODEL.:,,,.:;;:P333:AComparativestudyonconceptualhydrologicalmodelsZHANGJun,GUOShenglian,LIChaoqun,LINKairong(StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430072,China)Abstract:Themodelstructures,runoffcomponentandgenerationmechanism,floodrouting,treatmentofspatialvariabilityanddistributionetc.offivefamousconceptualhydrologicalmodelswereanalyzedandcomparedindetail.Fourbasinslocatedinhumidandsemi2humidregionswereselectedforthepur2poseofcomparativestudyofthesemodels.Itisdemonstratedthattheallmodelsnearlyhavethesamerunoffcomponents;theirdifferencesareonlyinhowtodividethesecomponents;allmodelscontainthesaturationexcessrunoffmechanism;andtwoofthemalsoincludetheinfiltrationexcessrunoffpart.Theconventionalmethods,suchasunithydrograph,Muskingumandlinearreservoirmethod,havebeenusedforbasinrunoffconcentrationcalculation.OnlytheTOPMODELandXinanjiangmodelcon2siderthespatialvariabilityofrunoffgeneration.Theanalysisandapplicationresultsshowthatthemechanismisimportantforthemodelefficiency;themodelcontainedsaturationexcessrunoffonlyissuitableforhumidregion;whilethemodelincludedinfiltrationexcessrunoffalsoissuitableforsemi2hu2midregion.Keywords:conceptualhydrologicalmodel;modelstructure;comparativestudy,1960,,,.,.,()2007.,??(WMO)[1][2][3],,.5,HBVSIMHYDTOPMODELSMAR,.11.11973,[4].2,2080,34..2:,;,,.3.1.2HBVHBV1970,,30[5].HBV()3,1.,.1.3SMARSMAROConnellNash2070,,[6].SMARSoilMoistureAccountingandRouting().:2,.;Nash1HBV.SMAR,.2.2SMAR1.4SIMHYDSIMHYDHYDROLOG,2002Chiew[7].SIMHYD:3;,,;22,:.3SIMHYD.3SIMHYD1.5TOPMODELTOPMODELTOPgraphybasedhydrologicalMODEL.,1979BevenKirkby[8].TOPMODEL,,ln(/tan),.,,,.4TOP2MODEL.4TOPMODEL2,4:;;;,.5,1.115HBV10SMAR9SIMHYDLaurenson9TOPMODEL62.13:..52,23.TOPMODEL2,,,,,.3,3.,R,,23,;SIMHYD,;HBV,TANK,2,33;SMAR;3()2007.2.2.,;,;.52.HBVTOPMODEL,.,,;HBV,,,,;TOPMODEL,,,.SIMHYDSMAR.SIMHYD,,,,;SMAR,,.2.3,,,..5TOPMODEL.n;TOPMODELln(/tan),..,5.2.4,,.,,.5.,,3;SIMHYD,Laurenson,;HBV,,;SMAR,,,;TOPMODEL,,.33.122,2,..3.2NashR2()RE,R2=1-i(Qi-^Qi)2i(Qi-ŠQi)2100%RE=1-i^QiiQi100%(1)42,:2/km2/mm/mm(:1d)122410706870.85519801984,1985198756416019250.61519971998,1999293565911250.22519791983,1984198671253713360.15819581960,19621963:Qi^Qi;ŠQi..2:,,;,.2,,,[9].3.3,HBV,SMAR,SIMHYD,TOPMODEL,5(3).34%R2RER2RER2RER2REHBV88.627.0194.590.0077.862.7863.180.0086.760.0086.61-13.0277.7331.5146.90-29.77SMAR88.5821.6393.8619.5984.430.0067.730.0084.6720.1670.684.3576.557.0057.422.00SIMHYD87.445.3483.466.4485.400.0063.77-1.4380.676.0375.76-3.2271.4120.0166.89-23.4090.441.0093.9510.0877.72-6.0563.6117.8888.34-1.1186.68-1.2774.3818.2255.61-3.46TOPMODEL88.950.0094.640.0082.960.0062.110.0087.01-10.8881.11-23.1367.344.0266.824.333,,.,85%,80%,SMAR,.,,HBV,TOP2MODEL,SMARSIMHYD,SMAR,SIMHYD,75%,.,,,,,.,.,80%,SMARSIMHYD85%;,80%.,,70%.,,,,,SMARSIMHYD.45,:(1)5()2007,.,TOPMODEL3,,,.(2):;HBV;SIMHYD;SMAR,;TOPMODEL,.(3):,.,,,.,,SMARSIMHYD,.(4).,,,.,,,,,.:[1]WorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO).Inter2comparisonofconceptualmodelsusedinoperationalhydrologicalforecasting[R].WMOOper.Hydrol.Rep.7,1975,WMO:429.[2].[J].,1998,9(2):1872195.[3],,.[J].(),2006,34(2):1322135.[4].[M].:,1984:1220.[5]BergstromS.TheHBVmodel[M]//SinghVP.ComputerModelsofWatershedHydrology.WaterResourcesPublications,Chapter13,1995:4432476.[6]KachrooRK.Riverflowforecasting,Part5:Appli2cationsofaconceptualmodel[J].JournalofHydrol2ogy,1992,133:1412178.[7]ChiewFHS,PeelMC,WesternAW.Applicationandtestingofthesimplerainfall2runoffmodelSIM2HYD[M]//SinghVP,FrevertD.Mathematicalmodelsofsmallwatershedhydrologyandapplica2tions.WaterResourcesPublications,LLC,2002:3352366.[8]BevenKJ,LambR,etal.TOPMODEL[M]//SinghVP.ComputerModelsofWatershedHydrology.WaterResourcesPublications,Chapter18,1995:6272668.[9],,,.[J].,2002,22(1):12216.6