宽方位角地震勘探技术评述

200710石油地球物理勘探425*(),25706120061126宽方位角地震勘探技术评述张军华*朱焕郑旭刚王伟周振晓钟磊(()),,,,,..,2007,42(5):603~609本文通过文献调研,阐述了国内外宽方位角勘探的发展现状,明确了宽方位角的定义并给出了部分应用实例文中列举了宽方位采集中对覆盖次数面元最大炮检距最小炮检距等采集参数的设计要求,并列出了国内外几种常用的宽方位角观测系统在此基础上指出了宽方位角处理存在的主要问题,介绍了方位角旅行时间校正视各向异性动校正基尔霍夫求和法三维DMO方位角速度谱分析等宽方位角处理方法,并给出了一个简单的处理流程关于宽方位角采集资料的解释,文中建议用好相干振幅相位等常见地震属性外,应尝试使用复合地震属性宽方位角各向异性观测系统裂缝断层1,,()(),,,,MEMSQ,,,,[1],[2~4]:,,;!(AVOA)(VVA),;∀,;#,,[1],2:()()05,;()()05,1;,,,Williams,6042007[5]Cordsen,,[2],Cambois:,;,[6]MuLuo150mm()∃150mm()∃50mm(),0%45%90%,[7](2),2d,,,2003~2004,&IddelShargi∋4C[8],240,9.4m∃25m,108PPS,(,)2006SEG,,Maddog2004~2005BP,,2300m,,[9],1942,[10~15],1224(10,6),,,1.0425:605,,,,,10~12(10~20,4~6),045~060,,,20031248(2592)(12,6),063,,,,,2003,(456.06km2,11734,,,&∋,!,..http:)!http:)=NX∃NY(1),NX=M∃S2nx(2):M;nx;S,1,2NY=Lny(3):L;ny()3.2:(1)b=vint4fmaxsin(4):fmax,;vint;(2),fdom2,b=vint2fdom(5)3.3:(1),Xmax∗t0v2D(6):t0;v;D=T2-T1T1,T1T2(2),t+x22v2t0,,,Xmax,t02fdom1(v−v)2-1v212(7)v(3),,Xmax,2t0f1v22-1v2112(8):v1;v23.4,N,6062007XNmax=2.Ni=1hitan!i(9):hi!i,,,,,,,,,3.5(3),4BPMaddog(Tile)[9]54,,1km,32(Patch)5,815(6)[12]FG1224060[14],(7)425:6074,[3]4.1VTI,(,),,(8),Vstk=Vrmscos∀=Vrms1-sin2∀cos2∀(10)8,,NMO,,,,,,,,,DMO4.24.2.1倾角(方位角旅行时间校正(DAC)((DipAzimuthTraveltimeCorrection,DAC),,DACInlineCrossline,,t=(t0t+t2)2+x2V2t-t2112-t20t+x2V2t12(11):tDAC;t1;t2;x;Vt;t0tt1t2t2=(Xc-Xm)Dtx+(Yc-Ym)Dty(12)t1=(Xs-Xr)Dtx+(Ys-Yr)Dty2(13):Xs,Ys;Xr,Yr;Xc,Yc;Xm,Ym;Dtx,/DtyInlineCrossline(ms/m)DACDMO,;,,,(,DAC,2~3,,DAC,;DACDMO,DAC,,DACDMO4.2.2视各向异性动校正(AAMO)6km,NMO35%6082007,(ApparentAnisotropicMovement,AAMO),DACAAMOAAMO,,,,p(1+p)2=V/V(14)4.2.3基尔霍夫求和法三维DMOAAMO,(DMO,h2+(tnV)2,tnVt,,,DMO,d2h2+#2t2n=1(15),,,,,DMO4.2.4方位角速度谱分析,DAC,;,,,,,;,,,4.3[15](9),:(1),CMP,;(2),;(3),;(4)AVA95,:;425:609,[16](10),[4,7,10,15],,,106(1),,;(2)PCCluster,,;(3),,,;(4),,[1].(((&∋.,2001,36(1):122~124[2]CordsenA.Narrowversuswideazimuthland3Dseismicsurveys.TheLeadingEdge,2002,21(8):764~770[3],..,2005,17(2):39~44[4],./.,2005,40(3):305~308,317[5]WilliamsMandJennerE.Interpretingseismicdatainthepresenceofazimuthalanisotropyorazimuthalanisotropyinthepresenceoftheseismicinterpretation.TheLeadingEdge,2002,21(8):771~774[6]CamboisG,RonenSandXianhuaiZhu.Wideazimuthacquisition,trueatlast!TheLeadingEdge,2002,21(8):763[7]MuLuoandBrianEvansJ.AnamplitudebasedmultiazimuthapproachtomappingfracturesusingPwave3Dseismicdata.Geophysics,2004,69(3):690~698[8]AngererE,HoldenJ,JonesNetal.Gettingthewholepicture:Wideazimuthmulticomponentseismic.TheLeadingEdge,2006,25(9):1052~1058[9]ThreadgoldKristinIMandAasPG.Implementingawideazimuthtowedstreamerfieldtrial:Thewhat,whyandmostlyhowofWATSinsouthernGreencanyon.TheLeadingEdge,SEG/NewOrleans2006AnnualMeeting,2006,2901~2903[10]..,2005,23(2):173~177[11],,..,2003,3(1):15~18[12]..,2004,27(3):201~207[13],..,2003,38(3):226~230[14],,,..,2003,42(2):233~236[15],..,2004,43(4):373~376[16].Thefineinterpretationanddescriptionoffluvialfacialreservoir.SEG,2006(本文编辑:冯杏芝)欢迎订阅2008年0石油地球物理勘探1200710石油地球物理勘探425作者介绍,1961;1982,1999,;2004,;,1973;1995,2005,,1962;1982,19891998,30(),1969;2006,10,,1963;()CFPAVP1982;2004(),,2006(),,1971;,,1967;1991,2006,201984;,,1979;20012004,,1958;1982,2003;,,20(),,1966;1988,2004,,,1963;1985,1990,,1970;1992(),;,1956;2000,1974;1997();(),1966;,30,1970;1992(),20,1974;,,1965;1987,1995,2002,010130