外文翻译--发动机活塞连杆组—活塞详解

Themachinepistonconnectingrodset-detailedexpositionofpistonThepistonconnectingrodsetiscomposedofthepiston,pistonwreath,pistonpin,connectingrod,connectingrodaxlebush,etc.Ⅰ.effect:Theeffectofthepistonistobeartheairpressure,andpasstoconnectingrodtodrivethebentaxletorevolvethroughconnectingrodaxlebush,thepistoncopingisstillapartoftheburningroom.Theworkcondition:Pistonworksundertheconditionofheat,highpressure,highspeed,andbadlubrication.Pistondirectlycontactswiththeheatair.Thetemperaturecanamounttoabove2500Ksinamoment.Thepistonisheatedseverely,buttheconditionofspreadingthehotisbad.Sowhilethepistonworks,thetemperatureisveryhighandthecopingisuptothe600-700Ks:Andthetemperaturedistributesasymmetrically;Thepistoncopingbearsgreatairpressure,especiallythepressureisgreatestintherouteofdoingefficacy.Thegasolinemachineisuptothe3-5MPas,thedieselengineisuptothe6-9MPas.Thismakesthepistonproducepound,1andbearthefunctionofthesidepressure.Therefore,thepistonshouldhaveenoughheat-proof,trytodecreasetheheatingarea,,strengthenthecoolingofthepiston,tomakethehighesttemperatureofthecopingdescend.Thepistonmovesatveryhighspeed(8-12ms/s)backandforthintheaircylinder,andspeedchangesconstantly,Thisproducesverygreatinertialdint,makingthepistonbeargreatadditionalloadworkingundersuchbadcondition,thepistonwillbecomedeformedheatingpower.Atthesametime,itslittersthechemicalcorrosivepoweroftheburninggas.Inordertodescendtheinertialdintofbackandforth,wemusteasetheweightofthepistonaspossible.Pistonworksundertheconditionoftheheat,highpressure,highspeed(theaveragespeedcanamounttothe101115m/s),anditslubricantconditionisbadandthefricationbetweenthepistonandtheaircylinderwallisverygreat.Inordertodescendthefriction,thesurfaceofthepistonsurfacemustbewear-resistant..Request:(1)Tohaveenoughrigidityandstrength,andthereliabledint;(2)Transmitheatwell,bearthehighpressure,beartheheatand1beartowearaway;(3)thequantityissmall,theweightislight,descendtheinertialdintofbackandforthaspossibleThealuminummetalalloymaterialsatisfiesthetoprequestsbasically,therefore,thepistongenerallyadoptsthehighstrengthaluminummetalalloy,butsomelowspeeddieselenginesadopthighclassironcastingorheat-proofsteelⅡ,structure:Thepistoncanbedividedintothreeparts,pistoncoping,thepistonheadandpistonskirtdepartments.1.ThepistoncopingThepistoncopingbearstheairpressure,itisapartoftheburnableroom.Itsshape,position,sizearerelevanttotheconcretefromoftheburnableroom.Theyaremadetosatisfythecombustiblehybridspiritformationandburnablerequests.Itscopingshapecanbedividedintofourmajortypes,aflatcopingpiston,aconvexcopingpiston,aconcavecopingpistonandmodelpiston.AconvexcopingpistonisusuallyusedonthetwobluntdistanceI.C.engines,Itisgoodtoimprovetheprocessexchangingthegas.Modernfourbluntthedistancegasolinemachinealsoadopts1theconvexcopingpistoninordertostrengthentheeffectofpushingthegasorextendtheratioofcompressing.Convexofapistoncopingpresentsaformofball,itscopingstrengthishigh,havinganeffectofleading,beingadvantageoustoimprovetheprocessofexchangingthegas,tworouteoftravelgasolinemachinesoftenadopttheconvexcopingpistonApistoncopingpresentsthehollowform,theshapeandpositionsofthecavepitmustbeadvantageoustothecombustionofthecombustibleandhybridgas,havingapairofeddiesconcavepitball,concavepit,Uconcavepit,andsoon.2.PistonheadThepistonreferstothefirstpistonwreathtothepartabovethepistonpin.Ithasseveralwreathslots,whichareusedtoinstallthepistonwreathandhaveaneffectofsealingcompletely.Itisalsocalledtheleakproofdepartment.Thedieselengine’scompressratioishigh,andgenerallyhavefourwreathslots,Thethreeupperwreathsareusedtoinstall,thelowerpartinstallstheoilwreath.Thegasolinemachinehasthreewreathslotsgenerally,whicharetwojetofgaswreathslotsandanoilwreathslots.Atthebottom1ofoilwreathslotmanypathstowardeyeletaredrilledtomakethequiltoilwreathflowfromtheaircylinderwalltotheoilbottomhullthroughtheseeyelets.Theworkingconditionofthewreathslotistheworstandshouldleavethecopinggenerallyalittlefarther.Abovethegaswreath,anarrowinsulatingslotisusuallysettocutofftheheatflowwhichisspreadfromthepistoncopingtothefirstgaswreathandmakepartsofcaloriesfromapistonwreathspread,thuseasingthehotburdenofthefirstgaswreath.Onsomeenginessmallwreatheslotsareoftenmadebetweenthecopingheadandthefirstgaswreathe,sometimestillafewmorewreath.Thiskindofsmallwreathcanadsorbthelubricantbecauseitaccumulatesthecarbon.Itcankeeppistonandtheaircylinderwallsfrombitingtomatchwhenitworkintheconditionoflosingoil,soitiscalledaccumulatingthecarbonslot.Thecaloriesthatthepistoncopingabsorbsalsomainlypassestheaircylinderwallthroughthepistonwreathtoleakproofdepartment,againspreadbythecoolwater.Inaword,thefunctionofthepistonheadisinadditiontoinstallthepistonwreath,still1sealcompletelyfunctionandtransmitheatfunction,sealingcompletelytheaircylindertogetherwiththepistonwreath,keepingcombustibleadmixturespiritfromleakcrankcase,atthesametimepassthe(70-80)%caloriestotheaircylinderwallthroughthepistonwreath.3.PistonskirtdepartmentThepistonskirtdepartmentreferstothepartsfromthebottomoftheoilwreat