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精品文档精细;挑选;Bythetime用法详解•bythetime意为“到……时候(为止)”,是一个介词短语,在句中经常起连词作用,引导时间状语从句。它的主要用法如下:•1.如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时,表示“截止到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去”。例如:Bythetimehereturnedhome,therainhadstopped.•BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadygone。•2.如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时(表示将来),那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时,表示“截止到将来某一时间为止,主句动作将已经完成”。Bythetimeyougetback,Ishallhavefinishedthework.•BythetimeIgraduatenextyear,Iwillhavelivedherefor5years.•Bythetimeofnextterm,wewillhavelearned3000words.•3.如果主句动作不强调已经完成,只是说明某个时候的状况,(主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know,find,believe等表示认知的持续性动词,则往往用一般时态,不用完成时态。)此时主句不用完成时,而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时bythetime相当于when。例如:•Hewasoutofbreathbythetimehereachedthetop.Bythetimethebuscame,somanypeoplewerewaitingthatitwasafreefighttogetonit.公共汽车来的时候,等车的人很多,成了一场挤车的混战。•Bythetimehewentabroad,hewasfourteen.出国那年他14岁。•Bythetimethewarwasover,deathandsufferingweretobeseeneverywhere.•在战争结束的时候,到处可见死亡和饥饿。这里没有“死亡和饥饿”已经完成的意思,只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以用过去时。•巩固练习:•1.(2005天津卷)BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_____forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leaves•C.willhaveleftD.left•2.Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal___cold.(2012四川卷)•A.getsB.hasgotC.willgetD.isgetting•3.(2009北京卷)WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe_____up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.A.werehangingB.hadhung•C.hungD.wouldhang•4.―DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?―No,_____bythetimeIarrived.A.she’dleftB.she’sleft•C.shewasleftD.shemustleave5.BythetimeIsawtheangryexpressiononhisface,I_____whatIhadtoface.A.knewB.haveknown•C.wouldknowD.hadknown6.(2008四川卷)Thetelephone_____,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.A.hadrungB.wasringingC.ringsD.hasrung•7.(2008山东卷)Bythetimeherealizeshe_____intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked精品文档精细;挑选;情态动词用法总结如下表情态动词用法否定式疑问式简答式can1.表示能力(体力,技能)2.允许或许可(口语中常用)3.可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中)4.用于肯定句表示理论可能性cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以(问句中表示请求)可能,或许(表推测)祝愿(用于倒装句中)maynotdoMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.must必须,应该(表主观要求)肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测)mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thavehaveto只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态和人称的变化)don’thavetodoDo…havetodo…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.oughtto应当(表示义务责任,口语中多用should)oughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should应当,应该(表义务责任)本该(含有责备意味)shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?will意愿,决心请求,建议,用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won’tdoWill/Would…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need需要,必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.usedto过去常常(现在已不再)usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…?Did…usetodo…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.精品文档精细;挑选;学法提炼musthavedone表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事”;may/mighthavedone表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“很有可能”;can…havedonecannothavedone1)couldhavedone用于对过去可能性的推断,意为“可能”,在肯定句中,指“某事可能是事实或可能会发生”;用于疑问句或否定句,表示对过去情况的怀疑、否定或惊讶;2)couldhavedone意为“本来可以;差点就要”,指“某事可能发生但实际上未发生”常用于虚拟语气,表示惋惜、遗憾等;mighthavedone表示“本来可能……,但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外,还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意,含有轻微的责备语气。should/oughttohavedone1)用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的事反而做了;2)用于对过去的推断,说话人认为“按理应当、理应如此”,说话人不能肯定,只是试探性地得出结论,语气婉转;3)对已发生的事表示“惊奇、失望、愤怒”等情绪。needn’thavedone表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意:didn’tneedtodo表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”will/wouldhavedone用于推测过去,意为“想必、可以肯定”,指“说话人确信某事已发生,但并不确知”,并用于二、三人称:1)如果以现在为时间点,可以用“willhavedone”;2)如果以过去为时间点,只能用“wouldhavedone”;3)willhavedone也用于推测将来某个时间前已经完成。Ifthey_________todothiswork,hemightdoitsomeotherway.A.wereB.shouldC.willD.can2.Iwastoldyesterdaythatthecompany_________metoRomenextweekforabusinessconference.A.shouldhavesentB.weregoingtosendC.shouldbesendingD.shouldsend3.Let’stakeawalk,________?A.willweB.don'tweC.doweD.shallwe4.Hewasagoodswimmersohe_________swimtotheriverbankwhentheboatsank.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.wasableto5.Iwenttothedoctor'syesterday,Ihadtowaitforhalfanhourbeforehe________seeme.A.canB.mayC.mightD.could6.----_________thisbookbeyours?----No,it________notbemine.It________behis.A.Can,must,mayB.May,might,mustC.Can,may,mustD.Must,can,may7.----Wedidn'tseehimatthelectureyesterday.”----“He_________it.”A.mustn'tattendB.can'thaveattendedC.wouldhavenotattendedD.neededhaveattended8.They_________theplane,orperhapstheyhavebeenpreventedfromcomingforsomereason.精品文档精细;挑选;A.canhavemissedB.mayhavemissedC.canhavelostD.mayhavelost9.Sincethegroundiswhite,it_________lastnight.A.hadsnowedB.musthavesnowedC.mustbesnowingD.musthavebeensnowing10.Youmustbefifty,________?A.mustn'tyouB.needn'tyouC.aren'tyouD.mayn'tyou11.Youmusthaveseenhimoffyesterday,_________?A.haven'tyouB.didn'tyouC.mustn'tyouD.needn'tyou12.----Thatmustbeamistake.----No.it_________be.A.can'tB.isn'tabletoC.canD.wasableto13.Hehadknownthematterbeforeyoutoldhim,soyou_________havetoldittohim.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't14.How________so?A.dareyoutosayB.dareyousayC.doyoudaresayD.daretosay15.Youaretheirteacher.You_________careofthem.A.shouldtotakeB.mighttotakeC.oughttotakeD.needtotake16.She
本文标题:by-the-time用法
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