英美语言文化差异-British-and-American-Language-and-Cultura

BritishandAmericanLanguageandCulturalDifferencesBritishandAmericanLanguageandCulturalDifferencesAbstract—Languageandcultureareinterdependent,languagetobringculture,whilesubjecttotheimpactofculturalbackground.Englishasoneoftheworldlanguagebytheworld'sattention,sostudyingandlearningthedifferencesandthedevelopmentofBritishandAmericanEnglishhasfar-reachingSignificance.Keywords—Britishlanguage;Americanlanguage;Britishculture;Americanculture;differenceEnglishisthemostwidelyusedintoday'sworld,aninternationallanguage.Languageismankind'smostimportantcommunicationtool,duetothedifferentcountriesandsocial,culturalandgeographicalenvironment,thelanguagetoproduceavariationinpronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar—differentvariantsofthesamelanguage.TounderstandtheEnglishcultureknowledgecanhelpunblockedcommunication.Instead,lackofunderstandingofEnglishculturalbackgroundknowledgewillinevitablytoleadcommunicationbarriers,conflictandmisunderstanding.I.Thedifferencesreflectionofnationalidentityinthelanguage1.Ingrammar,Englishinformal,AmericanEnglishsimpleAmericanslikesimpleandfastastheirpaceoflife,sointhelanguageofmodernAmericanEnglishforthelong-establishedrulesofgrammar,ifthereisneedtheywillboldreformandinnovation.Sentencestructureassimpleaspossibleandthechoiceofwordstoavoidcomplicated,andthenounattributeappearedinlargenumbers.Prepositions,articles,conjunctionsbeomittedandmanyotherphenomenamakeAmericaSyntacticmorecompact,conciseandcomprehensive.2.Onvocabulary,Englishadheretotheoriginal,theAmericanEnglishinnovativenessBritishthantheUnitedStateshasalonghistory,soBritishpeopleliketouseidentityorstatusoftheword,andtherewasnoinAmericanEnglish.Suchasking,queen,prince,duke,knightetc.ThedifferencesinBritishandAmericannationalidentitybutalsoinotheraspectsofBritishandAmericanEnglishvocabulary:(1)AmericanEnglishspellingclosertopronunciationrules,as:Britain:centre,theatre,modernise,realiseAmerica:center,theater,modernize,realize(2)AmericanEnglishomitsthelettersinEnglishspellingrepeat,as:Britain:programme,travellAmerica:program,travel(3)AmericanEnglishisomittedsilentletters,as:Britain:axe,storeyAmerica:ax,story(4)AmericanEnglishhasborrowedalotofforeignwords,tocreatenewwords,andenrichedtheAmericanEnglishexpression.TheUnitedStatesisacountrycomposedofimmigrantsfromvariouscountries(theUnitedStatesisalsoknownasamelting-pot),thedifferentethnicgroupsofdifferentcountrieswithpeacefulcoexistenceandcommondevelopment.ItisfullydemonstratedinclusivenessandopennessoftheAmericancharacter.Inlanguage,toabsorbalotofdifferentnationallanguagevocabulary(loanwords),sotheseforeignwordshavegreatlyenrichedthevocabularyofAmericanEnglishlanguage.3.Inemotionalexpression,Englishplain,AmericanEnglishoutwardAmericanisextroverted,sotheyareverygoodatexpressingtheirfeelings,oftenhaveexaggeratedverbal.ButBritishisintrovertedandshy,inexpressthesameemotionsandsameexperience,choiceofwordsasentencefarlessthanAmericans.Forexample,whenthefaceofaverybeautifulyounggirl,theAmericanscannothelpbutsay:“apricelessjewel”“divine”or“precious”;However,theBritishwillbeveryplaintosay:“Um,sheisallright”.II.ThedifferencesofBritish-AmericanlinguisticintheeverydaylanguageAlthoughBritishandAmericanarespeakingEnglish,AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishisnotthesame.AndthedifferencesofthetwoEnglishisstillverylarge,aseveryoneknows,EnglishpronunciationandAmericanpronunciationisdifference.BritishEnglish,relativelyspeaking,pronunciationmoreclearlylesstonalpart,thegeneralsoundisrelativelyclearpronunciation;ButAmericansspeakEnglish,andinsistedthatifcanbeomittedtoomitted,thetoneiscontinuousread.ForthosepersonswhoEnglishasasecondlanguage,listentothepronunciationoftheBritishcomparedtotheAmericanwillbemuchmorecomfortable.III.ThereasonofthedifferencesofBritish-Americancultural1.DifferentgeographicalBothindifferentgeographicalposition,oneisthecontinentalEurope,oneistheAmericacontinental.Britishlong-termdevelopmenthasbeenverywealthy.Thebeginningthefirstbatchofimmigrantscametoacompletestrangeronthemainland,knownasthepioneer,sotheyneedtakerisks.Ifthereisnospiritofadventure,theywillnotbeabletosurvive,letalonedevelopment.Inaddition,thewholeofEuropeancultureandAmericanculturedifferencesbringtheminfluence.2.ThedifferencesofhumanenvironmentEnglandisacountrywithalonghistoricalheritageofthetraditionalEuropeancountries.Ithasalong-termsocialhierarchiesformonarchexist.Therefore,theBritishpeoplelikenostalgia,conservativeandgentle.Theseaspectsneedthehistoryofsedimentationandaccumulation,ifdonothavethesedimentofhistoryandaccumulationisnotpossibletoachieve.However,theUnitedStatesispreciselyaveryyoungnation.Therefore,theAmericanshavetobecreativeandemphasisonindividualvalues.Ontheotherhand,therenothavealotofbondage,theycanboldandinnovativetodowhattheywant.Englishasakindofthemainlanguages.Hispositioncannotbeignored,soforus,itisimportancetolearnEnglishlanguageproduction,developmentandBritish-Americanculturaldifferences,inparticular,anditismorefar-reachingsignificanceforChinatowardstheworld.