2020年英语中考复习专题-主谓一致讲解和练习(包含答案)

2020英语中考复习专题-----主谓一致讲解一、主谓一致的含义“主谓一致”指的是句子的主语谓语在“人称”和“数”上的一致关系，也就是说，谓语的单复数取决于主语的形式和内容。二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。（一）、语法一致：主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。e.g.Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用复数。1.由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：①MybrotherandIhavebothseenthatfilm.②BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。例：①Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.②Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.③Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.④Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.（3）这部分主语前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：①Eachdoctorand（each）nursewasgivenanewshirt.②Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.③Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.2.动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：①Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.②Tolivemeanstocreate.③Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.④Whatisneededisfoodandmedicine.3.表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：①Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.②Eighthoursofsleepisenough.③Tendollarsisenoughforhim.4.不定代词anyone,anything,everyone,everything,someone,something,noone,nothing,eachtheother等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：①Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?②Someonewantstoseeyou.③Anybodywho_______(break/breaks)therulewillbepunished.5.倒装句中的语法一致①Twopictures______onthewall,whichattractmanypeople.②Onthewall_____twopictures,whichattractmanypeople.③Theirteacher______amongthestudents,whoisinherthirties.④Amongthestudents_____theirteacher,whoisinherthirties.（二）就近原则1、由连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：①.EitheryouorJeanistobesenttoNewZealand.②.NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin’smovies.③.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.2、注意：Therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：①.Therearen’tanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.②.Thereisalamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.③.Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.3、名词后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,except,but,like,including,aswellas,ratherthan短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：①.Allbutonewereherejustnow.②.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothatnationasagift.③.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.（三）意义一致1.代词none,neither,all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：（1）Allhopehasgone.（2）Allareagreedonthispoint.（3）—Isthereanymilkinthefridge?—No,thereisnone.（4）Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.2.集合名词group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等名词等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式.例句Thearmyisgoingtoremaininthistown.Thearmyhaverescuedthetravelers.Hisfamily_______verylarge.Hisfamily_______musiclovers.注意：集合名词cattle,clothes,people,thepolice表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people民族（可数名词，peoples)3.限定词短语allof…;noneof…;alotof…;以及分数/百分数+of….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of后面的名词形式决定。例句：（1）Noneofthesesuggestionsareveryhelpful.（2）Idon’tthinkanyofuswantstoworktomorrow.（3）Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.4、代词作主语Neitherdog_____big.(A.isB.are)Neitherofthem_____big.(A.isB.are)Neitherrabbit_____handsome.(A.isB.are)Neitheroftherabbits_____handsome..(A.isB.are)（neither+单数名词→谓语动词用单数；none／neitherof+可数名词谓语动词用单数或复数；noneof+不可数名词→谓语动词用单数）1）.Noneofthesepeople___doctors.A.hasB.haveC.areD.was2）Neitherofthem___agoodsinger.A.wasB.isC.wereD.isusedtobe3）.Neitherofus________(was/were)readywhenthepartybegan.4）.Noneofthem________(has/have)watchedthetalkshow.5、主语是单复数同形的名词deer,sheep,fish鱼,series系列,species物种,means手段,works工厂,aircraft飞行器,ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。Eg:1.)Anewmeanshasbeenused.2.)Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.6、the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor等the+adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如thebeautiful,thegood等。如，⑴Theold____takengoodcareofinoursociety.⑵Therich____forthedecisionbutthepoorareagainstit.⑶Thewounded____ayoungboy.⑷Thebeautiful_____notalwaysthesameasthegood.⑸Thenew______suretoreplacetheold.1.主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。2.oneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。theonlyoneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Jimwasoneoftheboyswhowerelateforclass.Jimwastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaslateforclass.练习：一．请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。1.Threeyears_______(have)passedsincetheymetlasttime,andforthem,threeyears_______(be)reallyalongtime.2._______(be)everybodygoingtotakepartinthegamethisafternoon?3.Myfamily_______(be)thelargestoneinourvillage.Besides,myfamily______(be)allpartymembers.4.Thewholeclass________(be)nowlisteningtotheteacherattentively.5.Thenews______(be)veryexciting.6.Tolearnoneortwoforeignlanguages_______(be)veryimportantnowadays.7.Thelastandmostdifficultlesson_______(be)Lesson14.8.I,who_______yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.9.Thescientistandengineer_______(have)inventedanewmachine.10.Alice，togetherwithherfriends，_______(be)punishedforhavingbrokentheschoolrules.11.Everygirlandeveryboy_______(have)therighttojointheclub.12.—_______(be)eithersheoryoutogoandattendthemeeting?—NeithershenorI________(be).13.Ancientandmodernhistory_____(be)thesubjectswearestudying.14.Manyascientist_______(have)devotedtheirlivestoscience.15.Theold_______(be)respectedinou