初中英语句子结构最新整理版

Grammarsentences句子成份★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主语·谓语·宾语·表语补语定语·状语·Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement主语·宾语·表语补语定语·状语·㈠主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象,一般常置于句首。•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态，常置于主语后•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词构成;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing•MyfatheriswatchingTVShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theydecidedtoleavenow.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者，常置于及物动词或介词后（不定式）（动名词）（句子）•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.（四）表语表述主语的特征、身份、状态等，置于系动词后1.Myfatherisaboss.2.Thisbookismine.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’llbetwentynextyear.5.Thewarwasover.6.Idon’tfeelatease.(形容词)(代词)(名词)(数词)(副词)(介词短语)7.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.8.Hismainhobbyissmoking.9.Thisstoryisveryinteresting.10.Nevertouchanelectricwirewhenitisbroken.11.Isthatwhyyouwereangry?(不定式)(现在分词/形容词)(动名词/名词)(过去分词/形容词)(从句)注：除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。（五）定语修饰或说明名词（代词）品质与特征的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknowhissister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.•Shehasawishtotravelroundtheworld•Iwanttobutapairofshoes.•Hewasanoldmanwhoworethickglasses.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(代词)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(不定式)(介词短语)(从句)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个短语、句子或不定式表示时或修饰的是不定代词时，通常后置。Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Couldyoutellmesomethinginteresting?（六）状语状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句的句子成分。•Thegirlimprovesgreatly.•Iamveryexciting.•Hecanrunveryfast.•Unfortunately,Ifailedtheexam.(修饰动词)(修饰副词)(修饰全句)*作状语的主要是副词、不定式、分词、介词短语及从句(修饰形容词)Theyareplayingontheplayground.Tokillbugs,weshouldspraythearearegularly.Hesatinthearmchair,readingthenewspaper.Beatenandsenttojailbythepolice,heinsistedonhisprinciple.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.(介词短语)(不定式)(现在分词)(过去分词)(从句)状语功用：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。•Shallwegoshoppingtodayortomorrow.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•Inordertogetintoagoodschoolm,Imuststudyhard.•ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn’thearwhatshesaid.•It’sverycold.•Ican’tgettosleepbecauseofthenoiseoutside.•Don’tlookatmelikethat.•Thedogenteredtheroom,followinghismaster.(时间状语)(方式状语)(地点状语)(条件状语)(目的状语)(结果状语)(让步状语)(程度状语)(原因状语)(方式状语)(伴随状语)用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。状语位置：•TheynamedthechildJimmy•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Isawhimplayingbasketballjustnow?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.•Ifoundeverythingingoodcondition.（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let,ask等.(形容词)(名词)(现在分词)(不定式)(过去分词)(介词短语)（七）同位语一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。常位于名词或代词之后，说明它们的性质和情况。Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.名词代词数词从句按用途分类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句1）陈述句：用以陈述事实或观点的句子。e.g.Peoplehavefivesenses:sight,hearing,smell,tasteandtouch.人有五种感觉：视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。Thereisabaseballinfrontofthetoycar.在那辆玩具车前面有一个棒球。Herecomesmyfather.我爸爸来了.Sheusuallydon’tstaylate.他通常不熬夜。2）疑问句：用以提问的句子。A.一般疑问句结构：助动词/BE动词/情态动词+主语+谓语.e.g.Haveyoulockedthedoor?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’tB.特殊疑问句结构：疑问词+助动词/BE动词/情态动词+主语+谓语e.g.Wheredidyougetsomuchmoneyfrom?C.反意疑问句e.g.Jonhnlikestea,doesn’the?Hedoesn’tlikehisjob,doeshe?D.选择疑问句e.g.Shallwegotherebybusorbytrain?Whodoyoulikebest,Tom,JimandDerek?3）祈使句：用以表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子,主语常省略。e.g.1.Putthoesthingsbackintheirplaces.2.Lookout!There’sacarcoming.3.Don’ttouchme4)感叹句：用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。e.g.Howbluetheskyis!WhatafoolishmistakeIhavemade!句子,主句子类型简单句并列句复合句Ⅰ.简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.Practice‹›主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewas