小学英语情态动词知识点及练习

情态动词【知识要点】:情态动词（Modalverbs）本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)mustnot.情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加not。疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。【典型例题】:【专题一】:can和could的用法【例1】Canyouliftthisheavybox?(体力)【解析】表示能力(体力、知识、技能)【练习】1.Maryspeakthreelanguages.(知识)2.youskate?(技能)此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。【例2】-----CanIgonow?-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.【解析】表示请求和允许。此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。【练习】----Icometoseeyoutomorrow?----Yes,you.----No,you/I’mafraidnot.【例3】Canthisbetrue?【解析】表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。【练习】Thisbedonebyhim.Howthisbetrue?【专题二】may和might的用法：【例1】----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?----No,youmustn’t.【解析】表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?在口语中更常见。【练习】----Itakethisbookoutoftheroom?----Yes,you.No,you【例2】Mayyousucceed!【解析】用于祈使句,表示祝愿。【例3】Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.【解析】表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。【练习】1.Yourmothernotknowthetruth.2.Heverybusynow.他现在可能很忙。【专题三】must和haveto的用法：【例1】Themanbeourteacher。那个人一定是我们的老师。【例2】Istudyhardbecauseofmydream.为了我的梦想我必须努力学习。【例3】1.Youcomeintime.你必须准时过来【解析】：must表示必须、必要。表示主观对事物的推测时，意为想必、一定，只用于肯定句中;表推测时，情态动词与动词原形(常为be动词)连用。而haveto强调客观需要。【练习】:1.Herplayisboring,Igonow.2.Yourmotherbewaitingforyounow.3.Igohome,becausemyfatherisill.【例4】---Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?---Yes,you---No,you【解析】：在回答由must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t,而用needn’t,don’thaveto.must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。【练习】:---Musthegotoschoolnow?---Yes,he---No,he.【专题四】should及其否定式用法【例1】：Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.【解析】：should表示应该、劝告、建议和命令。【练习】:1.Yougotoclassrightaway.2.Iopenthewindow?【专题四】need的用法【例1】：Youneedn’tcomesoearly.【解析】need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替【练习】----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?----Yes,you/No,you【专题五】should的用法【例1】Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.【解析】should表示应该【练习】Youtakecareofthebaby.【例2】Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.【解析】表示劝告、建议和命令。在疑问句中常用should。【练习】Iopenthewindow？【专题六】will和would的用法【例1】Iwilldoanythingforyou.【解析】表示询问，请求,将要。【练习】1.youpassmethebook?2.Shegotothelibrary.【例2】wouldyoutellmethewaytotheschool?【解析】表示过去的意愿或委婉提问自我检测(一)用适当的情态动词填空。1.MustIborrowthebookwithmyIDcard?No,you2.Iuseyourcar?Yes,you3.Igohomenow?No,youstayhereandwaitfortheteacher.4.Mymotherisill.Istayathomeandlookafterher.5.Isendanemailtomyfriend.6.Youtakemoreexercise.7.youtellmehowtogettothePark?8.Wehelpeachother.9.youliketogofishingwithme?10.weplayfootballthisafternoon?(二)按要求改写句子。1.Icanrunfast.(否定句)Ifast.2.Youmustreturnthebooknow.(一般疑问句)Ireturnthebooknow?No,you.3.Hecanplaybasketballwell.(一般疑问句)Hebasketballwell?4.Theymusttakethebooksoutoftheroom.(否定句)Theythebooksoutoftheroom.5.Hewillgetupearly.(否定句）Hegetupearly.(三)选择题。1.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_______forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitouD.oughttowriteitout2.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It_______acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen3.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_______behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can4.Johnny,you_______playwiththeknife,you_______hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t5.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto6.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They_______bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need7.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You_______withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed8.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I_______gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might9.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave10.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_______not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may11.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will12.Iwonderhowhe_______thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay13.Whenhewasthere,he_______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might14.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_______remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall15.How_______yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlyapartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may16.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoin._______Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should●答案解析●(一)、1.needn’t/don’thaveto2.Cancan3.Maymust4.haveto5.will6.should7.can/could8.must/should9.Would10.can(二)1.Can’trun2.Mustneedn’t3.Canplay4.can’ttake5.wouldn’t(三)1.C。“oughtto/shouldhave+过去分词”表示后悔当初该做但却没做某事。“…也许我本该把详细地址写给她的。”2.D。“couldn’thave+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然