简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题试卷一

第1页共2页简单句的五种基本句型一1）主+动（SV）例如：Iwork.我工作。2）主+动+表（SVP）例如：Johnisbusy.约翰忙。3）主+动+宾（SVO）例如：ShestudiesEnglish.她学英语。4）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）例如：Timewouldprovemeright.时-间会证明我是对的。5）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）例如：Mymothermademeanewdress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语基本句型一：S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有risewaitsleepdependrainsmilediewalkdance等.例句:Themoonrisestonight.Shecannotsleepwellhere.Itdepends.Hewalkedawayjustnow.MaoZedongdiedin1776.Shealwaysdancehere.翻译下列句子。(1)____________________________________________他在家等了很久。(2)___________________________________________太阳在东方升起来了。(3)____________________________________________男孩在笑。(4)___________________________________________这个小男孩在高兴地笑。(5)___________________________________________五年前我住在北京。(6)___________________________________________他们昨天去爬山。判断下列句子是否属于句型一，请打勾。1.Theyaretalking.()2.Bettylooksverybeautiful.()3.WecallmypetMimi.()4.Thechildrenwereplayinghappily()5.Dannycanswim.()6.Hehasgone.()7.Theleavesisturninggreen.()8.Yourroomshouldkeepclean.()基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构如：Sheisastudent.A这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列六类：(1)状态系动词：只有be一词。如：Thisisacat.Iamusedtogoingaboutalone.我习惯于独来独往。Theseshoesaretootightforme.这双鞋我穿太小。动词be，若是用于进行时态或者被动语态，则不是系动词，而是助动词。Iamplayingbasketball.Heishitbyonebrick.(2)持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。如：Ihopeyou’llkeepfit.我希望你身体好。Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。Thedoorremainedclosed.门仍然关着。Wecanremainfriends.我们可以继续做朋友。Pleasestayseated.请继续坐着。(3)表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。Heseems(tobe)quitehappy.他好像很快活。Thedoctorseemedverycapable.那医生似乎很能干。Sheappeared/lookedconfused.她显得迷惑不解。(4)感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。如：Helookshonest,butactuallyhe’sarogue.他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。Theyalllookaliketome.他们的模样我看起来都一样。Everybodyfeelscontented.每个人都感到很满足。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。Itsoundsagoodidea.这听起来是个好主意。Thisfoodtastesgood.这菜好吃。(5)变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。第2页共2页Shehadgrownthinnerandthinner.她越来越瘦了。Hiscoldwasgrowingworse.他的感冒越来越严重了。She’sgrowingfat.她正在发胖。Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.她看到这，脸红了。Hishairturnedgreyinafewweeks.在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了Wegetwiseraswegetold.随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。Shewentpaleatthenews.听到这消息，她脸色变得苍白。Hewentmad.他疯了。Thechildrenmustnotgohungry.孩子们不能挨饿。(6)终止系动词：主要有prove,turnout(结果是，证明是)等。如：Hisstoryprovedfalse.他讲的情况原来是假的。Hisadviceprovedsound.他的劝告证明是对的。Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直觉证明是对的。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。Thebuildinglookssplendid.Sheseemsunhappytoday.Thecakesmells/tastestrange.Themusicsoundsfamiliar.B常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是介词短语和不定式短语或者动词ing,有些名词性从句也可以作表语.Sheisamanager/charming.Ourgrandmaisinthehouse.OuraimistoovercomethedifficultiesinlearningEnglish.Thesentenceiswhatwearetranslating.翻译下列句子。(1)________________________________这个漂亮的女孩看起来很高兴.(2)________________________________她成为一名科学家了.(3)________________________________这本书是关于学英语的.(4)________________________________他们是学生.(5)________________________________这些老人看起来很幸福.(6)________________________________当春天来时,天气会变暖(7)________________________________我对他提及此事时他脸红了。判断下列句子是否属于句型二，请打勾。1.Theyaretalking.()2.Bettylooksverybeautiful.()3.WecallmypetMimi.()4.Thechildrenwereplayinghappily()5.Dannycanswim.()6.Hehasgone.()7.Theleavesisturninggreen.()8.Yourroomshouldkeepclean.()找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1Iamtired.2Thebagwaslost.3Theboywasfoolish.4Theywerekind.5Sheisintheroom.6Thebooksareonthedesk.7Snowiswhite.8Katewashereyesterday.9Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.10Theweathergetshotinsummer.11Shelooksbeautiful.12Theflowersmellsgood.13Wewereveryhappy.14Thesouptastesdelicious.15Thechairisyours.16Thestoryisinteresting.17Hefeelsbettertoday.18Theleafturnsgreen.19Istayedawakeallthenight.20TheweatherstillremainedcoldinApril.21Thelittlegirlissix.22Myworkistolookafterthebaby.23Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient.24Thegirlisverypretty.25Hewentmad.