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ThePharmaceuticalIndustryinFigures2010EditionSSUMMARYSUMMARY1Europehasagreatdealtogaininhealthandeconomictermsfromastrongandcompetitiveindigenousresearch-basedpharmaceuticalsector.Theresearch-basedpharmaceuticalindustryisoneofthefewremainingleadinghightechnologyindustriesinEurope,amountingto17%ofEUbusinessR&Dinvestmentsandabout3.5%ofthetotalEUmanufacturingvalueadded.Likeotherindustrialsectors,research-basedpharmaceuticalcompanieshavefelttheeffectsoftherecenteconomicdownturn.Thecombinationoffixedprices,currencyexchangeratevolatility,andadditionalcostcontainmentmeasuresincreasepressuresoncompanies’bottomlines,andhencecashflowsneededtofeedintotheR&Dengine.Inthedifficulteconomicenvironmenttheresearch-basedpharmaceuticalindustryoperatinginEuropefacesanumberofchallenges:■ThecostsofpharmaceuticalR&Dhavesoa-redduetoavarietyoffactorsincludingtheincreasinglycomplexnatureofscienceandthesizeofclinicaltrials,whichrequiremoreparticipantsthaneverbefore.Thelateststudyreleasedin2007estimatedtheaveragecostofresearchinganddevelopinganewchemicalorbiologicalentityat€1,059million.■Thereisrapidgrowthinthemarketandresearchenvironmentinemergingecono-miessuchasBrazil,ChinaandIndia,resultinginfurthermigrationofeconomicandresearchactivitiesoutsideofEuropetothesefast-growingmarkets.AccordingtotheMarch2010IMSHealthforecasts,emergingeconomies’pharmaceuticalmarketsareexpectedtogrowata14-17%percentratethrough2014.■InnovationuptakeremainsslowonmostEuropeanmarkets.AccordingtodatafromIMSHealth,61%ofsalesofnewmedicineslaunchedduringtheperiod2005-2009wereontheUSmarket,comparedwith29%ontheEuropeanmarket.In2009,NorthAmericaaccountedfor39.8%ofworldpharmaceuticalsalescomparedwith30.6%forEurope.■ThefragmentationoftheEUpharmaceuticalmarkethasresultedinlucrativeparal-leltrade.Thisbenefitsneithersocialsecuritynorpatientsanddeprivestheindus-tryofadditionalresourcestofundR&D.Paralleltradewasestimatedtoamountto€4,400million(valueatex-factoryprices)in2008.Thepharmaceuticalresearch-basedsectorisanimportantengineofeconomicreco-very.ContinuedsupportforinnovationandR&DwillhelpEuropetoregainitsgloballeadershipinpharmaceuticalR&D.Pharmaceuticals&biotechnologySoftware&computerservicesTechnologyhardware&equipmentHealthcareequipment&servicesLeisuregoodsAutomobiles&partsElectronic&electricalequipmentAerospace&defenceAllsectorsChemicalsIndustrialengineeringGeneralindustrialsHouseholdgoodsFixedlinetelecommunicationsFoodproducersOil&gasproducers0510152016,5%9,6%8,6%6,1%6,1%4,4%4,2%4,1%3,3%2,9%2,7%2,3%2,2%1,7%1,5%0,3%Note:Datarelatetothetop1,350com-panieswithregisteredofficesintheEU,Japan,theUSAandtheRestoftheWorld,rankedbytotalworldwideR&DinvestmentSource:The2009EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard,EuropeanCommission,JRC/DGResearchRANKINGOFINDUSTRIALSECTORSBYR&D/SALESRATIO(2008)TABLEOFCONTENTSMaintrendsandkeyfigures......................................................................2PharmaceuticalResearch&Development(R&D)...........................................6Pharmaceuticalemployment,production,market&trade...........................14Healthcarespending.............................................................................22Healthcaresystems&valueofmedicines................................................28Economicindicators&industrystructure.................................................33Notes...................................................................................................382MMAINTRENDSMAINTRENDSCHALLENGINGPOLICYANDREGULATORYENVIRONMENTThepharmaceuticalindustryisnotimmunetotheimpactoftheeconomiccrisis.Likeotherindustrialsectors,research-basedbiopharmaceuticalcom-panieshavefelttheeffectsoftherecenteconomicdownturn.Pressuresonmarketgrowthinmostindustrializedcountries’marketshaveincreasedcompanies’needtoreducecostsatalllevels(includingdownsizing)andtoreconsiderR&Dprojectsinwhichtoinvest.GovernmentsinEuropehavebeentryingtobalanceaseriesofcompetingge-neralpolicyandhealthcarepolicygoals,particularlyoverallbudgetarycontrolandcoverageofthecomplexhealthcareneedsofthepopulation.Themissionprovesallthemoredifficultinthecurrentenvironmentofunprecedentedeconomicandfinancialcrisis.Whilethetaskthatgovernmentsfaceisundeniablydifficult,effortisrequiredtoavoidfallingintotheusualtrapofintroducingshort-termcost-containmentmeasu-resthatunderminethestabilityandpredictabilityrequiredforthepharmaceuticalindustrytoundertakeitsactivitysuccessfully.PHARMACEUTICALR&DEXPENDITUREINEUROPE,USAANDJAPAN(MILLIONOFNATIONALCURRENCYUNITS*),1990-2009*Note:Europe:€million;USA:$million;Japan:¥millionx100(e):estimateSource:EFPIAmemberassociations,PhRMA,JPMAPHARMACEUTICALR&DEXPENDITUREINEUROPE,USAANDJAPAN(€MILLION,CURRENTEXCHANGERATES),1990-2009Note:Asthesefiguresareconvertedintoacommoncurrency(€)theyaresignificantlyinfluencedbyexchangeratemovements(e):estimateSource:EFPIAmemberassociations,PhRMA,JPMAJapanUSAEuropen.a.0510152025301990199520002005200820097,7665,3422,80911,4849,0785,22117,84923,1217,49921,94924,8937,65626,54524,1858,49926,000(e)24,954(e)5,1616,4227,46210,4776,8031