中考英语阅读理解解题策略例析

中考英语阅读理解解题策略阅读理解考察项目2008年2009年2010年细节题56、57、58、59、60、61、63、64、67、68、7066、67、68、69、70、71、73、74、77、78、66、67、68、69、77、78、79、词汇句意题697574推断题627970、71、73、75主旨题65、6672、76、8072、76、80考察项目及解题策略（1）细节题。在中考阅读理解中，大部分题目属于细节理解题，旨在考查考生对某个具体事实或某个具体情节，或对某个特定的细节是否理解，有的答案可从所提供的阅读材料中直接找出；有的答案是短文中某个句子或经过改写的句子；有的则需要结合上下文提供的信息进行简单的分析，概括，甚至计算，最后得出正确答案。（09年江西中考）B篇Twomonthsago,IwenttoAustraliaforameetingwithmyworkmate,Chris.WedecidedtodriveacrosscountrytoBrisbaneafterthemeetingended.Thedrivewasgoingtotakefourdaysandmostofitwasacrossthedesert(沙漠).Thefirstdaywasalotoffunaswewereexcitedandlaughingateachother'sjokes.Bythethirddayofdrivinginthedesert,webegantogetbored.WehadbeenquietforafewhourswhenChrissawsomekangaroos(袋鼠).Wewerebothexcitedanddecidedtogetacloserlook.Chrisdroveveryquicklytocatchupwiththekangaroos.Wegotcloserandcloser--tooclose--whenweheardaloudBANG!Chrisstoppedthecarandwegotout.Behindthecarwasalargekangaroolyingcompletelystill(不动的)ontheground.Chriswentovertothekangarooandputhisbaseballcaponitshead.Hetooloffhissunglassesandputthemonthekangarooanddidthesamewithhisjacket.Then,heputhisarmaroundthekangarooandtoldmetotakeaphotoofthemtogether.Itookoutmycamera.WhileIwasfocusing(调整焦距)thecamera,Isawthekangaroomove.Itsuddenlywokeup,andranawaybeforewecoulddoanything.IstartedlaughingbutChrislookedveryseriuos.Hesaidhiswalletwasinthejacket.Istartedlaughingevenharder.Istoppedlaughing,however,whenhesaidthatourcarkeyswerealsointhejacket!•69.Howlongwasthedrivegoingtotakeaccordingtotheirplan?•A.Oneday.B.Fourdays.•C.HalfamonthD.Twomonths.考察项目及解题策略（2）词汇句意题。考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的，但语言是活的东西，做这类题时，考生应尽可能通过上下文猜测词义，即利用所熟悉的词或短语和上下文已知的部分来进行合理推理，有时还需要依据常识和经验。（09年江西中考）C篇It”stheweekbeforeschoolstartsAliceisshoppingforclotheswithtwofriends,NinaandVicki.Aliceputsonablackjacket,turnstoherfriends,andsays,“Hey,whatdoyouthink?”Thegirlslookatherandbothstartlaughing.”Noway,Alice!”Ninalaughs.“That’saman’sjacket.”Alicefeelsalittleangry.“Yeah,well…Ilikeit”:“Yeah,”saysVicki.“butwhatwillpeopleatschoolsay?”Alicethinksforamoment.Thenshetakesoffthejacket.“yeah,you’reright.”Peerpressure.Weallknowaboutit.Yourfriendswearcertainclothesorlistentocertainmusic.Youdon’twanttobedifferent.Soyoudothosethingstoo.Fifteenminuteslater.Aliceisstillthinkingabouttheblackjacket.“Yeah.There’spressuretofollowothers.”Sheexplains.“Ifyourclothesorhairaredifferent,.peoplemakefunofyou.Youknow,theylaughandpoint.”Vickiagrees.“It’strue.Youevenhaveacertainkindofboyfriendorgirlfriend!Ithinkthese‘rules’arechildish(幼稚的).Butwhenyou‘redifferent,youfeellikeanoutsider.Andthat’shard.”Alicewalksaway.“HeyAlice”callsNina.“Whereareyougoing?”“Togettheblackjacket.Idon’tcarewhatothersthink.Ilikeit,andI’mbuyingit.”C篇第74题74.Whatisthemeaningofpeerpressureinthispassage?A.Youwanttobelikeyourfriends.Soyoudowhattheydo.B.Youwanttobedifferentfromyourfriendsandclassmates.C.YouWanttogiveyourclothestoyourfriendstowear.D.Youwanttobuyasmanyclothesasyourclassmatesdo.考察项目及解题策略•（3）推断题。推断性考题旨在考查学生透过表面的文字信息，对某些深层次情节经过分析、综合、归纳，作出合乎逻辑的推理。这类题的答案通常不在文章中明确表现出来，要求考生在全面理解文章的基础上，推断文章的潜在含义，找出结论。（09年江西中考）B篇第70、71题(推断题)70.WhydidtheyhearaloudBANG?(keyword)找读分析，推断A.Becausesomethingfelloffthecar.B.Becausethecarknockeddownatree.C.Becausethecarbrokedownontheway.D.Becausethecarbrokedownakangaroo.71.Whatcanwegetfromthispassage?(细节+推断)A.Chrissavedthekangaroo'slife.B.ThemeetingwasheldinBrisbane.C.chirsthoughtthekangaroowasdead.（推断）D.ThewritetookaphotoofChrisandthekangaroo.考察项目及解题策略（4）主旨题。（夹叙夹议文中）即考查考生对文章的主题，标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。主题思想是文章的核心。能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考生阅读能力的重要体现。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的主题句（TopicSentence）。有的文章一开始就亮出主题，全文随着主题而展开。有的文章则需要学生善于抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。要指导考生在做题时不要被局部现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。（09年江西中考）B篇第72题，C篇第76题72.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Anunusualexperience.B.MyAustralianmeeting.C.OnthewaytoAustralia.D.Acleverkangaroo.全局局部阅读理解复习建议•科学有效地复习词汇。•注重阅读中的长句分析，特别是各种从句。