现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习

1一.现在完成时的构成:现在完成时由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.二.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种I.“已完成”用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。LiMinghasjustturnedoffthelight.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）I'vefinishedmyhomeworknow.现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。Ihavelostmypen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）Shehasbecomeateacher.她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，thisweek（month），lately，recently，thesedays，inthepastfewdays，duringthelasttwoweeks，since，sinceyesterday，since2daysago，since1991，foralongtime，foramonth，sofar，uptonow，till（until）now等。Hehaslivedherefor30years.他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）They'veknowneachothersincechildhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如often,always,everyweek,twice等连用。IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.我曾经去过颐和园两次。2Hehasalwayssaidso.他总是这么说.三.现在完成时的时间状语I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗?-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.近几天他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?今年你去过那里多少次？II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come,go,arrive,reach,hear,close,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,getup等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换如：fallasleep(ill)→beasleep(ill)gettoknow→knowbegin,(start)→beonopen→beopenbuy→have3getup→beupdie→bedeadgoout→beoutcome→beinclose→beclosedarrive→beherejoin→bein,bea+名词finish(end)→beoverleave,move→beaway,borrow→keepgotoschool→beastudentcatch(acold)→have(acold)begintostudy→studycomeback→bebackputon→wear或beon如：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfor5minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。四.几点注意事项I.havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.练习一.用since和for填空1.______twoyears2.____twoyearsago3.___lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock74hours8._____anhourago49.___wewerechildren10._____lunchtime11.____shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing___theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity______abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.二.单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.5A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen18.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway21.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened22.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.m