新概念第二册lesson68-Persistent

Lesson68PersistentKeywords＆expressionspersistentadj.1.(人、行为)不屈不挠的，执拗的，顽固的坚持不懈的努力persistenteffortsHewaspersistentinhisquestion.他一直追问到底2.(事物)持久的，不断的(lasting)persistentrainpersistentnoise持续不断的雨水不间断的噪音persistv.执意，坚持persistinsth/doing坚持做...执意做...eg.Doeshealwayspersistinhisopinionlikethat?他总是那样固执己见吗？她执意要带着她的狗。Shepersistedintakingherdogwithher.persistv.persistenta.persistencen.[u]坚持不懈，执意，持续eg.Hispersistencetouchesme.他的持之以恒令我感动avoidv.避开，躲避，避免，预防avoid+n./doingeg.Fortunately,wewereabletoavoidanaccident.幸运的是我们避开了一次事故避免在交通高峰期间驾驶Trytoavoiddrivinginrushhours.avoidsb/sthliketheplague极力躲避，尽量避开avoidableadj.可避免的v.+ableadj.可...的，能够...的lovable可爱的washable耐洗的acceptable可以接受的understandable可以理解的insist1.v.坚持做...insistonsth./ondoingsth.坚持/坚决要求做某事insistthatsb(should)do...eg.Iinsistonyourcomingwithus.Iinsistthatyoushouldgowithus.2.v.坚持说，坚信，固执的声称eg.Sheinsistedthatshewasinnocent.她坚持说她是清白的insistentadj.坚持的，不容拒绝的或反对的insistencen.[u]坚持insistenceon/aboutsth对某事的坚持insiston/persistinstickto/keeponinsiston+n.insistondoingsth坚持要求，坚持认为(要求，看法，主张，意见)Sheinsistedonheropinionatthemeeting.persistin+n.persistindoingHeinsistedonplayinggolf.Hepersistedinpracticinggolfforanhour表示对某种活动坚持不懈或对某种信念不改，固执(玩了没有,不知道)(坚持练了一个小时，动作已发生)stickto+n./clingto/hewtosticktodoing坚持不放弃愿望，原则，决定，诺言，理想Sticktoit!坚持住WeshouldsticktothestudyofMarxism-Leninism.我们应该坚持学习马列主义keepon:continuetodoon是副词，有继续的意思Wekeptonworkingalthoughwearealltired.LanguagePointsKeystructures动名词（gerund）的应用：动词加ing，起到名词的作用，成为动名词1.动名词作动词的宾语avoiddoing避免做...enjoydoing喜欢做...denydoing否认做过...fancydoing想象做...以下动词常接动名词作宾语：admitappreciateavoidcompletedelaydenyenjoyfancyfinishmindstandpractiseresentrisksuggestallowpreventKeystructuresexamples:1.Healwaysavoidstravelinginrushhours.2.Heenjoysplayingfootball.3.Hecompletelydeniestakingit.4.Fancymeetingyouhere!5.Wouldyoumindopeningthewondow?6.Idon'tmindwaiting.7.Ican'tstandpeopleshoutingandpushing.Keystructures2.固定结构：It'snousedoing...做某事是没有用的It‘snousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收It's(not)worthdoing(不)值得做...bebusy(in)doing忙于做Can'tyouseeIambusyingwriting?dosomeshoppingdosomewashingKeystructures3.动名词的逻辑主语的表达形式(是谁的动作，由谁执行)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?整个句子只有一个主语，都是you,打开窗户的动作是you执行的Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?你介意我打开窗户吗打开窗户的执行者是“我”,my是动名词opening的逻辑主语KeystructuresDoyoumindsmoking?你介意吸烟吗？（你自己吸烟）Doyoumindmysmoking?你介意吸烟吗？（我吸烟）Fancywritingaletterlikethat.句子没有出现主语，但是可以理解为“我”，“真想不到我写了那样一封信”Fancyherwritingaletterlikethat.Keystructures他的离开是巨大的损失。Hisleavingisagreatloss.his修饰leaving，是逻辑主语妈妈不喜欢工作到很晚Motherdislikesworkinglate.（主语是mother）妈妈不喜欢我工作到很晚Motherdislikesmyworkinglate.（逻辑主语是my）Keystructures现在分词和动名词的比较：4.see,notice,hear,smell等感官动词后面接现在分词做宾语：see,hear...sbdoing正在做....see,hear...sbdo做过，做完...see,hear...sthdone被...Isawhimcoming.Heheardmeopeningthedoor.Icansmellsomethingburning.Iheardhersingingintheroom.Keystructures5.go与come加现在分词，表示伴随godancinggoskiinggoridinggoshoppinggoskatingComeswimmingwithmetomorrow.Let'sreadthetextindetails.1.Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.avoiddoingsth避免做...Weshouldavoidmakingthesamemistake.camerunningtowardsme中的running是现在分词作状语，修饰动词came，是怎样来的2.ItwasnousepretendingthatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.it'snouse+v-ing.做某事是没有作用的it作形式主语，v-ing短语是真正的主语eg.It'snousecomplainingaboutit.抱怨是没有用的。wavetosb向某人挥手Iwavedagreetingtotheteacher.挥手问好Iwavedhimgoodbye.我和他挥手道别Iwavedhimout/in.我挥手叫他出去/进来pretendv.假装pretendthat...假装...eg.Hepretendedthathewasworkinghard.pretendtodo假装做...eg.Hepretendedtobedeadwhenhemetabear.pretendtobedoing假装正在做...Theboyspretendedtobesleeping.3.IneverenjoymeetingNigelDykes.Heneverhasanythingtodo.我就怕见到他，他从来都是无事可做enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事句子中连用两个never，带有很强烈的感情色彩4.Nomatterhowbusyyouare,healwaysinsistsoncomingwithyou.nomatterhow(what,which,who,where,when)无论如何(什么、哪一个、谁、何地、何时)Nomatterwhathappens,don'tbediscouraged.insistondoingsth坚持做...Whateveryoumaysay,Iamnotgoingtotakehimback.(Nomatterwhatyousay,...)Whereveryougo,Ishallfollowyou.(Nomatterwhereyougo,Ishallfollowyou.)Whoeverdisobeysthelawmustbepunished.(Nomatterwhodisobeysthelaw…)ConsolidationActivities-Grammar3.1e.g.VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesWritingListeningGrammarThewordswhatever,wherever,whoever,whichever,wheneverandhoweverhavesimilarmeaningsto“nomatterwho,what,which…”.Awordofthiskindhasadoublefunction:1.Itactsasasubject,objectoradverbinitsownclause.2.Italsoactsasaconjunctionjoiningitsclausetotherestofthesentence.————hasinterestinitcanapplyformembership.（主从，只能用Whoever不能用Nomatterwho）But————didit,MrPutinhasbeenvilifiedintheWest'smedia.状从（可用whoever/Nomatterwho）1.problemsyoumayhave,wewillhelp.2.Takebookyoulikebest.3.lateitis,youmustcometothepartybecauseitwillbesomethingfantastic.ConsolidationActivities-Grammar3.3PracticeCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththeappropriatewordsinthebox.VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesWritingListeningGrammarWhatever___________whichever___________whoeverwhereverwhateverhoweverwheneverwhicheverHowever__________ConsolidationActivities-Grammar3.4VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesWritingListeningGrammar4.Youwillseethisprod