英语专业八级写作指导(for-students)

WritingDirections:“Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks”.英语专八作文评分标准评价一篇八级作文的得分多少，大致可以参照以下四个标准来确定:内容(content)、组织(organization)、语法(grammar)和得体性(appropriateness).这四个标准中，前两个标准是关于内容结构的，属于谋篇布局部分，后两个是关于语言的，属于表达部分。在八级考试的作文评阅中，一般将作文分为五个等级:第五级：化秀作文(effectivecommunicationwithaccuracies)这样的作丈观点清楚，结构合理，内容充实，语言运用得体，基本没有语言错误.得分在18-20分。第四级：良好作文(goodcommunicationwithfewinaccuracies)这样的作文观点明确，结构合理，内容充实，语言运用较得体，稍有语言错误。得分在15-17分。第三级：尚可作文(passablecommunicationwithsomeinaccuracies)这样的作文观点明确，结构完整，内容尚可，语言运用的得体性一般，语言错误不少，影响到作文的理解.得分在14-12分。第二级：问题作文(problematiccommunicationwithfrequentinaccuracies)这样的作丈观点不甚明确，结构不完整，内容匮乏，语言得体性较差，语言错误较多，影响到作文的理解.得分在11-9分。第一级：失败作文(almostnocommunication)这样的作丈基本没有达到写作要求，几乎无结构和内容可言，通篇充斥语言错误，无语言得体性可言，作文难以理解.得分在8-6分或以下。全球化globalization高科技产品high-techproducts盗版piratedproducts可持续发展sustainabledevelopment素质教育educationforall-rounddevelopmentquality-orientededucation学生减负toreducestudyload上网getonline/surfthenet网民netizen(netcitizen)加入China’sentryintoWTO申办奥运会bidfortheOlympicGames小康relativelycomfortablelivingstandard安居工程housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents再就业工程reemploymentproject假冒伪劣商品fakecommodities腐败现象corruptionphenomenon信息化information-based;informationization下岗职工laid-offworkers资源枯竭resourcesexhaustion环保意识environmentalawareness美容手术cosmeticsurgery如要表示“我认为”，不要仅依靠Ithink:IbelieveIsupposeImaintainIclaimIargueI’mconvincedthat,I’moftheopinionthat,IholdtheviewthatAsforme,AsfarasI’mconcerned,AsfarasIcansee,如要表示“重要的”，不要仅依靠important:significant,vital,essential,crucial,beofgreatimportance,figureprominently/largelyItis…thatcounts.playakeyrole,shouldbetakenseriously,attachgreatimportanceto如要表示“关于”，不要仅依靠about:concerning,regarding,asregards,asto,withregardtowithreferenceto,relevantto,relatedto,involve,haveconnectionwith,havesomethingtodowith如要表示“说明”，不要仅依靠show:indicate,reveal,demonstrate,convey,suggest,illustrate如要表示“使”,不要仅依靠make:a.Thissocietystillmakeswomenunabletoenjoyequalrights.b.Womenarestilldeniedequalrights.a.Theincidentmademerecalloneofmypastexperiences.b.Theincidentremindedmeofoneofmypastexperiences.如要表达“越来越”，不要只使用moreandmore:a.MoreandmorestudentsfindlearningEnglishhasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.b.Studentsingrowingnumbersfindlearninghasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.a.Moreandmoreteenagerssmokecigarettesinrecentyears.b.Teenagesmokingisontheriseinrecentyears.a.Moreandmoreteachersaredemandedwiththedevelopmentofeconomy.b.Thereisanincreasingdemandforteacherswiththedevelopmentofeconomy.如要表达“大多数”，不要一味使用most:a.Moststudentstakepart-timejobafterclass.b.Thevastmajorityofstudentstakeapart-timejobafterclass.a.Mostpeopletakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds.b.Theconsiderableproportionofpeopletakespartinsportofdifferentkinds.a.Mostcollegestudentstakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking.b.Thelargepercentageofcollegepopulationtakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking如要表达“不仅…，而且…”，不要只使用notonly…butalso:a.Thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingarenotonlysocialbutalsopsychological.b.Thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingarepsychologicalaswellassocial.a.Takingapart-timejobcannotonlyearnalittlemoney,butalsohaveanopportunitytocontactwithsociety.b.Takingapart-timejobmeansmorethanalittlemoneyyoucanearn.Italsomeansanopportunitytocontactwithsociety.a.Oldpeoplegotoparknotonlytodoexercisebutalsotomakefriends.b.Oldpeoplegotoparkasmuchforcompanionshipasforexercise.不要总是以有生命的名词和人称代词开头（受汉语表达习惯的影响，不少考生总喜欢以I,People,We等开头），a.ManypeoplethinkbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.b.Itiswidely(commonly,generally)thought/believed/held/acceptedthatbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.a.Moreandmorepeopleagree(realize/areaware)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.b.Thereisagrowingagreement(realization/awareness)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.a.ManyChinesepeoplehavegonetotheUnitedStatesinthepast15years.b.Thepast15yearshavebroughtmanyChinesepeopletoUnitedStates.a.Wealmostforgetthisevent.b.Thiseventisnowalmostfadingfromourmemory.a.Studentsshouldcertainlymakecontinuousefforts.b.Continuouseffortsonthepartofstudentsarecertainlyrequired.a.Weeasilydrewtheconclusionthroughtheinvestigation.b.Theinvestigationeasilyledustotheconclusion.不要千篇一律的使用主动态（英语中被动结构的使用频率远高于汉语），a)WearemakinggreateffortstoimproveourEnglish.b)GreateffortsarebeingmadetoimproveourEnglish.a)Weknowverylittleaboutthenatureofhumanbeings.b)Littleisknownaboutthenatureofhumanbeings.a)Becauseofsocialdemands,thereappearmanyeveningschools.b)Manyeveningschoolsarecalledintoexistencebysocialdemands.Socialdemandsgiverisetotheemergenceofmanyeveningschools.a)Wemaythinkmoreoftheelderlywholiveapartfromtheirchildren.b)Morethoughtmaybegiventotheelderlywholiveapartfromtheirchildren.不要总是用if（如果）,because（因为）,when（当）等口语意味较重的句子，要注意使用书面语体的句子，a)Ifyoucomparebicycleswithcarscarefully,youwillfindbicyclesaresuperiortocars.b)Carefulcomparisonofbicycleswithcarswillshowthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelatter.a)Ifweonlyapplybookknowledge,wewillnotgetgoodresults.b)Theapplicationofbookknowledgealonewon’tbringyougoodresults.a)Ifwecanbetterunderstandthegreaterpressureofpopulationg