美国留学ESL考试题

WhenI'minNewYorkbutfeelinglonelyforWyomingIlookfortheWesternmovieadsinthesubway.ButthemenIseeinthoseposterswiththeirstern,humorlesslooksremindmeofnooneIknowintheWest.Inourearnestnesstoromanticizethecowboywe'veironicallydisesteemedhistruecharacter.Ifhe'sstrongandsilentit'sbecausethere'sprobablynoonetotalkto.Ifheridesawayintothesunsetit'sbecausehe'sbeenonhorsebacksincefourinthemorningmovingcattleandhe'strying,fifteenhourslater,togethometohisfamily.Ifhe'saruggedindividualisthe'salsopartofateam:ranchworkisteamworkandeventheglorifiedopen-rangecowboysofthe1880srodeupanddowntheChisholmTrailinthecompanyoftwentyorthirtyotherriders.It'snottoughnessbuttoughingitoutthatcounts.Inotherwords,thismacho,culturalartifactthecowboyhasbecomeissimplyamanwhopossessesresilience,patience,andaninstinctforsurvival.Cowboysarejustlikeapileofrocks—everythinghappenstothem.Theygetclimbedon,kicked,rainedandsnowedon,scuffedupbythewind.Theirjobis'justtotakeit,'oneold-timertoldme.AdaptedfromGretelEhrlich,TheSolaceofOpenSpaces.©1985byGretelEhrlich.(Referring)1.Accordingtothepassage,cowboysareprobablystrongandsilentbecause:A.theirworkleavesthemnotimeforconversation.B.theyhavebeencautionednottocomplain.C.theyaresternandhumorless.D.thereisnoonenearbytolistentothem.E.theirworkmakesthemtootiredtotalk.(Reasoning)2.Forwhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagegiveapparentlycontradictoryevidence?A.Thecowboy'sworktakesendurance.B.Cowboysworkalone.C.Cowboysareadequatelypaid.D.Thecowboy'simagehasbecomeromanticizedinAmericanculture.E.Cowboysthinkofthemselvesashumorless.Answers:1.D2.BRegulartune-upsofyourheatingsystemwillcutheatingcostsandwillmostlikelyincreasethelifetimeandsafetyofthesystem.Whenaservicetechnicianperformsatune-up,heorsheshouldtesttheefficiencyofyourheatingsystem.Thetechnicianshouldmeasuretheefficiencyofyoursystembothbeforeandafterservicingitandprovideyouwithacopyoftheresults.Combustionefficiencyisdeterminedindirectly,basedonsomeofthefollowingtests:1)temperatureoftheflue(orchimney);2)percentcarbondioxideorpercentoxygenintheatmosphere;3)presenceofcarbonmonoxideintheatmosphere;and4)draft.Incompletecombustionoffuelisthemaincontributortolowefficiency.Ifthetechniciancannotraisethecombustionefficiencyuptoatleast75%aftertuningyourheatingsystem,youshouldconsiderinstallinganewsystemoratleastmodifyingyourpresentsystemtoincreaseitsefficiency.AdaptedfromAlexWilsonandJohnMorrill,ConsumerGuidetoHomeEnergySavings.©1993bytheAmericanCouncilforanEnergy-EfficientEconomy.(Reasoning)1.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepresenceofcarbonmonoxideintheatmosphere:A.canprovideinformationregardingcombustionefficiency.B.isfoundin75%ofheatingsystemstested.C.canbereducedbydecreasingheatingsystemdraft.D.isthemaincauseoflowefficiencyinheatingsystems.E.ismorereliablethanfluetemperatureasanindicatorofcombustionefficiency.(Referring)2.Accordingtothepassage,whenperformingatune-upofaheatingsystem,theservicetechnicianshould:A.ensurethatthecombustionefficiencyisatleast25%.B.modifytheheatingsystembeforeinitiallymeasuringefficiency.C.measurecombustionefficiencybothbeforeandafterservicingthesystem.D.providehisorhersupervisorwithawrittenreportofthesystem'sefficiency.E.ignoretheageoftheheatingsystem.Answers:1.A2.CItemTypes:(1)Recognizingmainideas;(2)Locatingexplicitdetails;(3)InferringmeaningsofwordsReadthedefinitionsfromtwodifferentdictionaries.RadburnlayoutIntownplanningandurbanstudies,aplannedurbanlayout,developedbyClarenceStein,appliedinRadburn,NewJersey,USAin1928,whichseparatespedestriansfromcarsandtrucksbyarrangingsuperblocksofhousing,shops,offices,schools,etc.,aroundacentralgreen.Eachsuperblockhasitsouterroads,offwhichcomeservicecul–de–sacs.Thecentralgreenorpedestrianspacehaspedestrianaccessonly,eitherbyundergroundpassagesorsurfacewalks.AdaptedfromAudreyN.Clark,LongmanDictionaryofGeography.©1985byLongman,Inc.RadburnlayoutAstyleofresidentiallayoutpioneeredatRadburn,NewJersey(USA)between1928and1933andlaterwidelyadoptedintheplanningofpostwarhousingareasinBritain,particularlyinnewtownsandexpandedtowns.Itsmainfeaturesincludetheseparationofpedestrianandcartraffic,housingfacingontoopenspaceandgardensandwithcaraccesstotherear,looproads,andcul-de-sacs.IntheBritishpostwarnewtowns,theRadburnprincipleswereclearlyevidentinthedetailedplansofneighborhoodunits.AdaptedfromJohnSmallandMichaelWitherick,AModernDictionaryofGeography.©1995byE.Arnold.1.Basedonthetwopassages,themostimportantfeatureoftheRadburnlayoutistheA.useofundergroundpassages.B.separationofcarandpedestriantraffic.C.buildingofhousessothattheyfacethestreet.D.useofcul-de-sacsforpedestrians.2.Whichinformationappearsinbothdictionaries?A.TheplanwasdevelopedbyClarenceStein.B.TheplanwaswidelyusedinBritain.C.Theplanmadeuseofcul-de-sacs.D.Theplanincludedundergroundpassages.3.Asitisusedinthefirstparagraph,thehighlightedwordsurfacemeansA.thepartofsomethingthatyoucansee.B.asmootharea,likeatabletop.C.outwardappearance.D.attheleveloftheground.ReadingSampleQuestions—Level4ItemTypes:(1)Applyingconceptsinthepassagetonewsituations;(2)Recognizingthemainideaof