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FirstDraftofaReportontheEDVACbyJohnvonNeumannContractNo.W{670{ORD{4926BetweentheUnitedStatesArmyOrdnanceDepartmentandtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaMooreSchoolofElectricalEngineeringUniversityofPennsylvaniaJune30,1945ThisisanexactcopyoftheoriginaltypescriptdraftasobtainedfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaMooreSchoolLibraryexceptthatalargenumberoftypographicalerrorshavebeencorrectedandtheforwardreferencesthatvonNeumannhadnotlledinareprovidedwherepossible.Missingreferences,mainlytounwrittenSectionsafter15.0,areindicatedbyemptyfg.Alladdedmaterial,mainlyforwardreferences,isenclosedinfg.ThetextandgureshavebeenresetusingTEXinordertoimprovereadability.However,theoriginalmanuscriptlayouthasbeenadheredtoveryclosely.Foramore\moderninterpretationofthevonNeumanndesignseeM.D.GodfreyandD.F.Hendry,\TheComputerasvonNeumannPlannedIt,IEEEAnnalsoftheHistoryofComputing,vol.15no.1,1993.MichaelD.Godfrey,InformationSystemsLaboratory,ElectricalEngineeringDepartmentStanfordUniversity,Stanford,California,November1992CONTENTS1.0DEFINITIONS1.1Automaticdigitalcomputingsystems:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::11.2Exactdescriptionofthefunctionsofsuchasystem::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::11.3Distinctionswithinthenumericalmaterialproducedbysuchasystem:::::::::::::::::::11.4Checkingandcorrectingmalfunctions(errors),automaticpossibilities:::::::::::::::::::12.0MAINSUBDIVISIONSOFTHESYSTEM2.1Needforsubdivisions:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::12.2First:Centralarithmeticpart:CA:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::12.3Second:Centralcontrolpart:CC:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::22.4Third:Variousformsofmemoryrequired:(a){(h)::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::22.5Third:(Cont.)Memory:M:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::32.6CC,CA(together:C),Maretogethertheassociativepart.Aerentandeerentparts:Inputandoutput,mediatingthecontactwiththeoutside.Outsiderecordingmedium:R32.7Fourth:Input:I::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::32.8Fifth:Output:O:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::32.9ComparisonofMandR,considering(a){(h)in2.4::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::33.0PROCEDUREOFDISCUSSION3.1Program:Discussionofalldivisions(specicparts)enumeratedin2,togetherwiththeessentialdecisions::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::43.2Needfor\Zigzagdiscussionofthespecicparts::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::43.3Automaticcheckingoferrors:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::44.0ELEMENTS,SYNCHRONISMNEURONANALOGY4.1Roleofrelay-likeelements.Example.Roleofsynchronism::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::44.2Neurons,synapses,excitatoryandinhibitorytypes::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::54.3Desirabilityofusingvacuumtubesoftheconventionalradiotubetype::::::::::::::::::55.0PRINCIPLESGOVERNINGTHEARITHMETICALOPERATIONS5.1Vacuumtubeelements:Gatesortriggers:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::65.2Binaryvs.decimalsystem::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::65.3Durationofbinarymultiplication:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::65.4Telescopingoperationsvs.savingequipment::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::75.5Roleofveryhighspeed(vacuumtubes):Principleofsuccessiveoperations.Timeestimates:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::75.6Reformulationoftheprinciple::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::85.7Furtherdiscussionoftheprinciple::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::8iiiCONTENTS6.0E-ELEMENTS6.1ReasonsfortheintroductionofahypotheticalE-element::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::86.2DescriptionofthesimpleE-element:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::96.3Synchronism,gatingbyacentralclock::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::96.4Theroleofthresholds.E-elementswithmultiplethresholds.Multipledelays::::::::::::106.5Comparisonwithvacuumtubes:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::107.0CIRCUITSFORTHEARITHMETICALOPERATIONS+;7.1Methodoffeedinginbinarynumbers:Digitsintemporalsuccession:::::::::::::::::::::117.2E-elementnetworksandblocksymbols::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::117.3Theadder::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::117.4Themultiplier:Memoryrequirements:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::127.5Discussionofthememory.Delays:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::127.6Discussionofdelays::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::137.7Themultiplier:Detailedstructure::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::137.8Themultiplier:Furtherrequirements(timing,localinputandoutput):::::::::::::::::::148.0CIRCUITSFORTHEARITHMETICALOPERATIONS−;8.1Treatmentofthesign:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::158.2Thesubtracter:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
本文标题:冯诺伊曼-101页报告-First-Draft-of-a-Report-on-the-EDVAC
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