ASME第IX卷-2013版-学习

研究ASME第IX卷学习焊接知识2014年7月ASMETheMembers成员ASMEManufacturers/CertificatesHolders制造厂AIAs授权检验机构VoluntaryMembers志愿者Owner/Users用户Jurisdictions行政机构Jurisdictions/RegulatoryAgencies行政机构在美国加拿大以外执行检验的AI应有NB核发的A级证书。Thenationalboardofpressurevesselinspectors(NB)•国家锅炉压力容器检查协会(NB)自1919年建立目标是：1.统一管理锅炉与压力容器的安全法规；2.统一锅炉与压力容器安全运行有关的特殊设计，容器结构安全，附件及装置的认可标准；3.制定并维持一个统一的锅炉与压力容器检查规范NBIC(NB-23)：4.统一执行代理检查的设备制造注册制度；5.统一对NB认可检查员进行资格认可和考核；6.编辑和分发重要信息给NB成员、NB认可检查员及有关学会、制造厂、监管机构、业主或用户等；7.促进和推行安全阀或压力容器附件的检测手段和结果。制造检查机构被NB接受从事承压设备制造检查之前，应先取得ASME的认可检查机构(AuthorizedInspectionAgency，简称AIA)证书，符合ASME的QAI-1的要求。ASME的历史development•1911:ASMEestablishesacommitteeforthepurposeofformulatingstandardrulesfortheconstructionofpowerboilersandotherpressurevessels.•1914:SectionI–PowerBoilers（becameanofficialdocumentin1915)•1919:TheNationalBoardofBoilerandPressureVesselInspectorswascreatedin1919topromotegreatersafetytolifeandpropertythroughuniformityintheconstruction,installation,repair,maintenance,andinspectionofpressureequipment.•1921:SectionIII–LocomotiveBoilers(in1962,thissectionwasintegratedwithSectionI,andSectionIIIwasassignedtonuclearvessels)•1922:SectionV–MiniatureBoilers(alsointegratedintosectionIinthe1962edition).•1923:SectionIV–LowPressureHeatingBoilers(HeatingBoilerCoderewrittenin1965)•1924:SectionII–Materials•1926:SectionVII–CareofPowerBoilers•1928:SectionVIII–UnfiredPressureVessels(nowknownasthePressureVesselCode,Divisions1and2,1968edition).•1937:SectionIX–WeldingQualification•1963:SectionIII–NuclearVessels•1965:SectionIII-NuclearPowerPlantComponents.•1968:RenamedSectionVIII,Div.1PressureVesselCode•1968:SectionVIII,Div.2AlternateRulesforPressureVessels•1969:SectionX–FiberglassReinforcedPlasticPressureVessels•1970:SectionXI–InserviceInspectionofNuclearPowerPlant•1971:SectionV-NondestructiveExamination•1997:SectionVIII,Div.3-AlternateRulesforhighPressureVessels•1998:SectionIII,Div.3-ContainmentSystemsandTransportPackagingforSpentNuclearFuelandHighLevelRadioactiveWaste•2004:SectionXII-TransportTanks•2010:SectionIII,Div.5-HighTemperatureReactors•(201X):SectionIII,Div.4-FusionEnergyDevicesHierarchyofStandard标准的层次结构1.LawandRegulationatLocationofInstallation安装地的法律和规定(仅当安装地的法律和规定认可ASME规范，ASME规范才适用，美国50个州，亚拉巴马州、爱达荷州、新墨西哥州、南卡罗来纳州、怀俄明州不认可ASME规范,美国以及加拿大各州认可ASME规范的程度详见NB-370)2.ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeGroup1:•ConstructionCodes建造规范(仅适用于新建锅炉和压力容器）Group2:•ReferenceCodes参考规范(仅当被建造规范引用时才适用)Group3:•In-ServiceCodes3.NationalBoardInspectionCode(NBIC):NB-23(在役锅炉和压力容器的修理和改造)ASMECODESYSTEM规范体系1.CODESECTIONS每二年出版(Edition)-2013，2015(2013版以前，每三年出版)7月1日发布，6个月过渡期次年1月1日强制执行2.CODEREVISIONSORADDITIONSCoderevisionsareconsideredtoaccommodatetechnologicaldevelopments,addressadministrativerequirements,incorporateCodeCases,ortoclarifyCodeintent.3.CODECASESCodeCasesrepresentalternativesoradditionstoexistingCoderules.CodeCasesarewrittenasaquestionandreply,andareusuallyintendedtobeincorporatedintotheCodeatalaterdate.Whenused,CodeCasesprescribemandatoryrequirementsinthesamesenseasthetextoftheCode.However,usersarecautionedthatnotalljurisdictionsorownersautomaticallyacceptCodeCases.ThemostcommonapplicationsforCodeCasesare:(-a)topermitearlyimplementationofanapprovedCoderevisionbasedonanurgentneed为新增或修订条款作前期准备：有些情况下，如将新增或修订条款以案例的形式先期发布。(-b)topermittheuseofanewmaterialforCodeconstruction满足急需：当有迫切需要时可以用案例的形式批准使用新的材料或结构。这是因为案例虽然与修订条款一样都要经总委员会批准，但案例自批准之日起即生效，而修订条款还要经几道程序才能生效。(-c)togainexperiencewithnewmaterialsoralternativerulespriortoincorporationdirectlyintotheCode为技术要求积累经验：积累经验的目的是为了验证某种技术要求，而前期准备则是为了验证某个条款，两者都是通过实践进行检验，但有些不同。案例按批准日期先后编流水号，不分卷别但有分卷索引，有效期三年，期满后有三种处理方法：重新确认、修订、取消。经修订的案例，仍使用原来编号，只是在编号后再加上修订序号以示区别，4.CODEINTERPRETATIONS规范解释CodeInterpretationsprovideclarificationofthemeaningofexistingrulesintheCode,andarealsopresentedinquestionandreplyformat.Interpretationsdonotintroducenewrequirements.IncaseswhereexistingCodetextdoesnotfullyconveythemeaningthatwasintended,andrevisionoftherulesisrequiredtosupportaninterpretation,anIntentInterpretationwillbeissuedandtheCodewillberevised.每半年发布一次,7月和12月5.Addenda规范增补(2013版后，不再发行增补)每年发布一次7月1日发布,6个月过渡期次年1月1日强制执行规范正文发布当年不发布增补6.规范勘误Errata不定期发布，一经发布就有效ConstructionCodes建造规范•SectionI–PowerBoilers•SectionIII–Divs.1&2–NuclearComponents•SectionIV–HeatingBoilers•SectionVIII,Divs.1,2&3-PressureVessels•SectionX–FiberglassReinforcedPlasticPressureVessels•SectionXII–TransportTanksReferenceCodes参考规范•SectionII–Materials•SectionV-NondestructiveExamination•SectionIX-Welding&BrazingQualification•SectionXI-RulesforInserviceInspectionofNuclearPowerPlantComponentsReferenceCodemaybeusedonlywhenreferencedandasitisreferencedbytheConstructionorGoverningCodeRelatedStandards&Guidelines相关标准以及指南•B31.3-2010ProcessPiping•B31.8S-2010ManagingSystemIntegrityofGasPipelines•FFSseries(Fitness-for-Service)•PTB-1-2009ASMESectionVIIIDivision2CriteriaandCommentary•PTB-2-2009GuidetoLifeCycleManagementofPressureEquipmentIntegrityReferencedStandards参考标准•B1series(ScrewThreads)•B16series(Valves,Flanges,Fittings,andGaskets)•B18series(Fasteners)•B31.1-2010PowerPiping•B36series(SteelPipes)•NQA-1-