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当前位置:首页 > 行业资料 > 能源与动力工程 > 第四版-异步电机拖动习题
10-1一绕线转子异步电动机,其技术数据为PN=75kW,nN=720r/min,U1N=380V,I1N=148A,ηN=90.5%,cosφN=0.85,KT=2.4,U2N=213V,I2N=220A。(1)用实用表达式绘制电动机的固有特性。(2)用该电动机带动位能负载,如果下放负载时要求转速n=300r/min,负载转矩TZ=TN时转子每相应该串接多大电阻?(3)电动机在额定状态下运转,为了停车采用反接制动,如果要求制动转矩在起动时为2TN,求每相串接的电阻值。(4)用工程计算法计算异步电动机的下列参数:TN、Tmax、R2、k、R2’、R1、sm、X、X1、X2’、X2、I0及Xm等。解:(4)7595509550994.8Nm720NNNPkTnmax2.4994.82387.5NmTNTKT2220.042130.022333220NNNsERI120.950.953801.695213NNUkU'22221.6950.02230.064RkR1110.950.953800.02230.031433148NNNUsRI0750/minnr06030004750fpn07507200.04750Nnnsn22(1)0.04(2.42.41)0.183mNTTssKK0(1)(10.183)750612.75/minmmnsnr22222211(380/3)40.03140.03140.3532102102.4994.8TNUpXRRKT'120.50.50.3530.175XXX'2222/0.175/1.6950.061XXk'122'120.3530.216/0.03140.064/0.04NNXXtgRRs2211sin1cos10.850.527NN01112(sincos)148(0.5270.850.216)50.82NNNNIItgA100.950.953804.13350.82NMUXI(1)固有机械特性的几个点同步转速点(n0,0)为(750,0)额定工作点(nN,TN)为(720,994.8)最大转矩点(nM,Tmax)为(612.75,2387.5)起动点(0,Tst)由2'221'222'22112380340.06433880.04Nm250[0.03140.0640.353]2[()()stsRpUsTRfRXXs画出固有机械特性图如下:(2)下放位能性负载,则处于倒拉反转的反接制动状态,如图A点则0750(300)1.4750AAAnnsnTNTmaxTn0-n0snNnmTst由''2TNemNmAmATTTssss得''1.44.81.4mmss,得到2'6.726.7241.966.4150.305()2ms或舍因此应串入电阻值''26.4151(1)0.02240.7630.183msAmsRrs(3)如图B点所示,此时B点007507201.96750NBnnsn,且对应的电磁转矩为-2TN,另外,此时为电源反接制动,因此n0=-750r/min。由''''22TNemNmBmBTTTssss得到''''1.962.41.96mmss得''222.4[()1]1.96[1.21]3.6521.052222TTmBkkss或,因此应串入的电阻值'''B21.0521(1)0.02240.1060.183msmsRrs或'''B23.6521(1)0.02240.4240.183msmsRrs10-2一绕线转子异步电动机带动一桥式起重机的主钩,其技术数据为:PN=60kW,nN=577r/min,I1N=133A,I2N=160A,ηN=89%,cosφN=0.77,KT=2.9,U2N=253V。TNTmaxTn0-n0snNnmBA-2TN(1)设电动机转子每转动35.4转,主钩上升1米。如果要求带额定负载时重物以8r/min的速度上升,求电动机转子电路串接的电阻值。(2)为了消除起重机各机构齿轮间的间隙,使起动时减小机械冲击,转子电路备有预备级电阻。设计时如果要求串接预备级电阻后,电动机起动转矩为额定转矩的40%,求预备级电阻值。(3)预备级电阻一般也作为反接电阻,用以在反接制动下下放负载。如果下放时电动机的负载转矩TL=0.8TN,求电动机在下放负载时的转速。(4)如果电动机在回馈制动状态下下放负载,转子串接电阻为0.06Ω,如果下放负载转矩TL=0.8TN,求此时电动机的转速。解:06005770.0383600Nnnsn22(1)0.0383(2.92.91)0.215mNTTssKK2220.03832530.03533160NNNsErITNTmTn0-n0sABCD(1)电动机转速35.48283.2/minnr600283.20.528600As由于负载为额定负载因此,有''22NAsAssrrR得,所串电阻'20.5281(1)0.0350.44750.0383AsANsRrs(2)起动转矩为0.4TN,则有''20.4TNemNmBmBTTTssss,而1Bs,得''214.50.4mTBmBssss得到'14.430.0693()ms或舍,因此串联的预备电阻''214.431(1)0.0352.310.215msBmsRrs(3)此时为倒拉反转反接制动状态其临界转差频率'''''14.43mmss2(()1)(3.6253.484)14.430.80.8TTmCCKKsss得到14.432.037.109Cs或14.43102.340.141Cs(舍)则C点的转速为0(1)(12.03)600618/minCCnsnr(4)此时为反向回馈状态,0600/minnr,因此负载为-0.8TN由'''''2'20.06mmsrsr得串联电阻后的''''0.0350.060.2150.58350.035ms由2(()1)(3.6253.484)0.58350.80.8TTmDDKKsss得到0.58350.0827.109Ds或14.43102.340.141Ds(舍)则C点的转速为0(1)(10.082)(600)649.2/minCCnsnr11-1某台三相绕线转子异步电动机的数据为:PN=44kW,nN=1435r/min,E2N=243V,I2N=110A,设起动时负载转矩TL=0.8TN,最大允许的起动转矩T1=1.87TN,起动切换转矩T2=TN。试用解析法求解起动电阻的级数及每级的电阻值。计算时可将机械特性视为直线。解:121.871.87NNTTTT0150014350.04331500Nnnsn2220.04332430.05533110NNNsErI起动的级数121lg()lg()lg0.04331.874lglglg1.87NmNTRsTrm每级的电阻12222121323322233(1)0.0478()0.089()0.1660.31RrRRRrRRRRrRRR11-2某台绕线转子异步电动机的数据为:PN=11kW,nN=715r/min,E2N=163V,I2N=47.2A,起动最大转矩与额定转矩之比T1/TN=1.8,负载转矩TZ=98Nm。求三级起动时的每级起动电阻值。解:07507150.0467750Nnnsn2220.04671630.0933347.2NNNsErI1195509550146.9Nm715NNNPTn取1=0.9=0.91.8=238NmmNTTT12146.9lg()lg()lg0.04672383lglglgNmNTRsTrm得2.36,则121.80.9146.9100.84Nm98Nm2.36ZTTT可以起动。因此3级起动每级的电阻值:'122.360.0550.1298Rr212.360.12980.3063RR322.360.30630.7229RR或112.283NmNsTT,121.80.9146.9115.9Nm98Nm2.283ZTTT可起动。因此3级起动每级的电阻值:'122.2830.0550.1298Rr212.2830.12980.3063RR322.2830.30630.7229RR11-4某台绕线转子异步电动机的数据为:PN=30kW,nN=725r/min,E2N=257V,I2N=74.3A,该电动机的转子电路串接对称电阻起动,起动级数为6。试计算各相的分段电阻值,计算时可取T1/TN=1.8。解:07507250.033750Nnnsn2220.0332570.0663374.3NNNsErIm=66111.60.0331.8NmNTsT则各相分段电阻值如下:'12(1)(1.61)0.0660.0396Rr211.60.03960.0634RR321.60.06340.1014RR431.60.10140.1622RR541.60.16220.2595RR651.60.25950.4152RR11-5某台笼型一部电动机的数据为:PN=40kW,nN=2930r/min,U1N=380V,KI=5.5,ηN=90%,cosφ1N=0.91,cosφ=0.3(即R=Zcosφ=0.3Z)。用定子电路串接对称电阻减压起动。设在串接电阻后使起动电流减到原来的1/4,求串接电阻数值(计算时可忽略I0)。解:由题知,由113cosNNNNNPUI得114074.23cos33800.9190%NNNNNPkIAU'4stIstaI(1)定子为Y接,113800.538335.574.2NNIUZKIcos0.30.1614RZZ210.30.9540.5132XZZ则串联电阻为22222222(1)(41)0.513240.16140.16141.9285stRaXaRR(2)定子为Δ接,1138031.6145.574.23NNIUZIKcos0.30.4842RZZ210.30.9541.5398XZZ则串联电阻为22222222(1)(41)1.61440.48420.48426.06stRaXaRR12-2一台三相4极绕线式异步电动机,其定子、转子均为Y联结。额定功率为PN=22kW,额定转速nN=1440r/min,频率f=50Hz。如果将供电频率改为f’1=60Hz,而U1、I’2cosφ’2、sN均不变,也不考虑磁路饱和的影响。试求:(1)电动机的转速、转矩、功率各为多少?(2)当保持恒转矩调速时,电动机的功率会如何变化?解:(1)当频率为50Hz时,06060501500/min2fnrp0150014400.041500Nnnsn2
本文标题:第四版-异步电机拖动习题
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