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人教新课标高中必修(4)Unit3ATasteofEnglishHumourwordsandexpressionshumourn.幽默(等于humor);滑稽humourousadj.幽默的;诙谐的;滑稽的humourouslyadv.幽默地asenseofhumour幽默感verbaladj.口头的nonverbaladj不用语言的non-:(prefix)“not”nonsmokernonpartyuptonow直到现在(一般用于现在完成时)归纳拓展常用于现在完成时的时间状语还有:sofar,since,eversince,recently,inthepast/lastfewyears等。upto还表示下列意义:1)多达,至多,后面一般跟数字;2)忙于,从事于;3)由……负责,由……决定;常用句式:Itisuptosb.todosth.4)胜任,适合。brightadj.明亮/阳光/生动/聪明/有前途的brightenvt.使变亮,使生辉Hebrightened(up)whenheheardthegoodnews.他听到这个好消息时喜形於色。Thesky/weatherisbrightening.天空/天气转晴。brightnessn.光亮/明亮/聪明depressedadj.沮丧的;忧愁的depressvt.压低;使沮丧;使萧条depressingadj.压抑的;使人沮丧的depressionn.沮丧;content(adj.)=satisfied,pleased满足的,满意的;feel/becontentwithsth.满足于某事becontenttodosth.愿意做某事becontentthat满足….besatisfied/pleasedwith满足….contentn.所含之物,内容,目录IlikethestyleofhisbookbutIdon’tlikethecontent.thecontentsofmydeskdrawer我抽屉存放的东西thecontentofthespeech演讲的内容contentvt.使满意,使满足contentsb./oneselfwithsth.使某人/自己满足于…Icontentmyselfwithaglassofcoffeeeveryday.performern.表演者performv.表演performancen.表演astonishvt.使惊诧astonishedadj.感到惊讶的astonishingadj.令人惊讶的,惊人的astonishmentn.惊讶beastonishedatsth./that对……感到惊讶inastonishment惊讶地toone'sastonishment令某人惊讶的是fortunate(lucky)adj.幸运的;运气好的,unfortunateadj.不幸的fortune(n)财富,命运;运气unfortunatelyadv.不幸地befortunate(enough)todobefortunateindoing“……很幸运”。她很幸运,有一位富有的丈夫。Sheisfortunate(enough)tohavearichhusband.=Sheisfortunateinhavingarichhusband.badlyoff穷的;缺少的;缺乏的;境况不好的1)bebadlyoffforsth.某物短缺、不够(相当于beshortof/lackof)缺乏……联想拓展bewelloff境况很好;富裕bewelloffforsth.某一方面充裕bebetteroff(经济)境况较好beworseoff(经济)境况较差;比……更穷gofrombadtoworse每况愈下tomakemattersevenworse更为糟糕的是2)worseandworse越来越坏;每况愈下gofrombadtoworse越来越坏,每况愈下tomakemattersworse=(and)whatisworse而更糟糕的是bebadat不擅长bebadlyinneedof急需…thinkbadlyof对…有看法dobadlyin在……方面做得差;不成功ordinaryadj.普通的;平凡的;平常的ordinary指的是没有特色的,很一般的平凡的common指的是哪里都有很常见,和ordinary的不同之处在于,ordinary是强调一个东西毫无新意十分普通平凡;但common不带有感情色彩,单纯表示某种现象的出现频率高general所指代的“一般”,强调的是涵盖了所有人,特别是把所有涵盖的人都视为一个整体Coldsareverycommoninwinter.感冒在冬天很常见。Weareallordinarypeople.我们全是普通人。Thebookisintendedforthegeneralreader,notforthespecialist.这本书是专门为一般的读者写的,不是给专家写的。borev.使厌烦n.讨厌的人/麻烦事Heboredusallbytalkingforhoursabouthisnewhouse.boredadj.厌烦的,无聊的boringadj.令人厌烦的beboredwith…厌烦做...1.Thechildrenquicklygot/wereboredwithstayingindoors.2.Therewasaboredexpressiononherface.3.Theboringeveningmadethemallbored.entertainvt.&vi.使快乐;款待,招待entertainingadj.愉快的,有趣的,引人发笑的entertainern.款待者;表演娱乐节目的人entertainmentn.娱乐活动;款待,招待findentertainmentin以……为乐giveanentertainmenttosb.招待某人giveafarewellentertainmenttosb.为某人举行欢送会归纳拓展1)entertainsb.tosth..=treatsb.tosth.用…宴客/招待/款待某人(尤指在家)entertainsb.withsth.=sb.beentertainedwithsth.用……使某人快乐entertainsb.as...把某人当……招待BobandLilyentertainedustodinnerlastnight.昨晚鲍勃和莉莉设宴招待了我们。charmingadj.迷人的;有魅力的charmedadj.着迷的;喜悦的charmvt.使陶醉Shewassweetenedwithhercharmingsmile.她那富有感染力的微笑令她显得十分可爱。trampn.流浪者Imetatrampandgavehimsomemoneyonmywayhome.我回家的路上碰到了一个流浪汉并给了他一些钱。throughout1)Thecompanyhasbranchesthroughoutthecountry/theworld.这家公司的分店遍及全国prep.(表示地区)遍及2)Itrainedthroughoutthenight.雨下了一整天。prep.(表示时间)贯穿3)Thehillwasgreenthroughout.那座山整个都是绿的。adv.到处4)Sheremainedsilentthroughout.她从头到尾都保持沉默。adv.始终homelessadj.无家可归的-less是表示否定意义的形容词后缀,加在某些名词的后面构成否定意义的形容词。类似的如:helpless无力的;无计可施的;无助的;无依无靠的careless粗心的;轻率的childless没有儿女的harmless无害的;无损害的;没有恶意的;无邪的wornadj.(wear)用旧的;用坏的;破烂的worn-outadj.1)(衣类、机器等)磨破的;磨损的;用旧的如:worn-outshoes穿旧的鞋2)精疲力尽的;憔悴的(一般不用在名词前)如:Shelooked/was/gotworn-outwhenhecameback.Iwassowornoutafterrunning.failuren.失败;失败的人或事【思维拓展】failinsth.在……失败failvi.失败;不及格failtodosth.未能够做成某事failure表示“失败”这一抽象的概念时为不可数名词;表示具体的“失败的人”或“失败的事物”时则为可数名词。许多名词像failure一样既作不可数名词又作可数名词:success[U]成功;[C]成功的人或事物surprise[U]惊讶[C]令人惊讶的事shock[U]震惊;[C]令人震惊的事glass[U]玻璃;[C]玻璃杯paper[U]纸;[C]报纸,证件iron[U]铁;[C]电熨斗beauty[U]美;[C]美人Harry'sambitiousplansendedinfailure.哈里雄心勃勃的计划以失败而告终。Thewholethingwasatotalfailurefromstarttoend.这件事从头到尾都是个失败。overcome(overcame,overcome)v.战胜;克服overcomedifficulty克服困难underdogn.失败者;处于劣势的一方loser;failuresnowstormn.暴风雪stormn.暴风雨SandStorm沙尘暴pickouta.(从同类当中)选出…,选择Shepickedoutapinkdressforherdaughter.b.(在许多人当中)看出;辨认出…Canyoupickoutyourmotherinthiscrowd?pickoff摘下,摘掉pickup拾起;(车/船)搭载客人,驾车去接(人);接收(信号/广播/电视节目)学会(语言)cutoff(1)Herlittlefingerwascutoffinanaccidentatthefactory.切下;割下,砍下(2)Wewerecutoffinthemiddleofourconversation.切断电话线使某人通话中断(3)Diseasecuthimoffinthebestpartoflife.疾病死亡cutin打断别人的谈话,插嘴cutacross抄近路穿过Inordernottobelate,shecutacrossthefields.为了不迟到,她抄近路穿过田野。cutout切断,删除,停止,取代,裁剪cutdown削减,击倒,杀死cutup切碎chewvt.嚼碎,咀嚼Youmustchewyourfoodwellbeforeyouswallowit.你必须先把食物嚼碎再咽下去。chewgum嚼口香糖mouthfuln.一口;满口amouthfulof…一大口的…handfuln.一撮,一把ahandfulofsand一把沙子enjoymentn.享受;乐趣convincevt.使确信;使信服联想拓展convincesbofsth使某人相信某事convincesbtodosth说服某人做某事convincesbthat...使某人相信……归纳拓展convincedadj.坚定不移的;确信的beconvincedofsth./that确信convincingadj.令人信服的;有说服力的aconvincingvictory/win大比分获胜warnsbofsth警告某人某事remindsbofsth提醒某人某事robsbofsth抢夺某人某物informsbofsth通知某人某事suspectsbofsth怀疑某人某事【拓展延伸】“动词+sb.+ofsth.”结构对于我们并不陌生,现将有关适合于这种结构的动词归纳如下,便于同学们学习掌握。1.remindsb.ofsth.(sb.)使某人想起某事(某人)Thestoryremindsmeofmypast.这个故事使我想起了我的过去。2.robsb.ofsth.抢某人某物Therobberrobbedhim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