天线辐射方向图及其matlab仿真

--I天线阵列辐射场的研究摘要随着现代通信技术的迅猛发展，无线通讯越来越广泛，越来越多的应用于国防建设，经济建设以及人民的生活等领域。在无线通信系统中，需要将来自发射机的导波能量转变为无线电波，用来辐射或接受无线电波的装置称为天线。在通信过程中，特别是点对点的通信，要求天线具有相当强的方向性，即希望天线能将绝大部分的能量集中向某一预定方向辐射。阵列天线就是近代天线研究的一种方向，其研究催生了包括相控阵天线，均匀直线列天线，智能天线等在无线通信，雷达，导航领域中广泛应用的新型天线。而天线阵列辐射场的研究是其中很重要的一部分。本文首先介绍天线是如何产生电磁波的，并介绍辐射场的几种情况。接下来介绍单个天线的基本参数包括主瓣宽度，增益系数，极化特性，方向性等。然后介绍和分析了边射阵，端射阵和均匀线性阵。阵列天线的方向相乘性原理，随后使用了MATLAB仿真软件分别对二项阵，三角阵和道尔夫切比雪夫阵模型进行了仿真。在综合对比了阵元的数量，间距，排列方式后得出天线阵列辐射场的特性。关键词元天线；阵列天线；MATLAB仿真；辐射方向图--IIResearchonRadiationFieldofAntennaArrayAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofmoderncommunicationtechnology,wirelesscommunicationismoreandmorewidely,moreandmoreapplicationsonthenationaldefenseconstruction,economicconstructionandpeople’slifeandotherfields.Inthewirelesscommunicationsystem,itneedsguidingwaveenergywhichwillcomefromthetransmittertotheradio.ThedevicewhichisusedtoradiationorreceivingisknownastheAntennaofradiowaves.Antennaisanessentialpartofthewirelesscommunicationssystem.Itrequeststheantennatohavethequitestrongdirectiveinthecommunication,especiallyinthepoint-to-pointcommunications.Ithopesthattheantennaisabletoradiosinthedirectionwithmainlyenergy.Singlesymmetricalantennacannotsatisfythiskindofrequestforever.Therefore,thearrayantennaisanimportantmethodtorealizesthisrequest.Thispaperfirstintroducestheantennaishowtogenerateelectromagneticwave,andintroducesseveralcasesofradiationfield.Thebasicparametersofnextintroducesthesingleantennacomprisesamainlobewidth,gain,polarization,direction.Then,itintroducesandanalyzesthedirectionofmultiplicativeprincipleandmathematicalmodelofantennaarrayofantennaarray,thenusingMATLABsimulationsoftwareonsimulationBinomialarray,TriangulararrayandDolph-Tschebyscheffarrayforasidelobethroughcomparisonandreasoningfactorscontrolantennaarrayperformancemethodofcontrolparameter,finallyembarksfromthereality,putforwarditsownonarrayantennaandimprovesomeoftheviewsofitsradiationperformanceKeywordselementantenna；arrayantenna；MATLAB；antennapattern--III目录摘要......................................................................................................................IAbstract..............................................................................................................II第1章绪论........................................................................................................11.1课题背景...................................................................................................11.2国内外研究的现状..................................................................................21.2.1天线发展史........................................................................................21.2.2算法成果............................................................................................41.2.3阵列天线应用....................................................................................51.3本文的研究内容.......................................................................................51.4章节安排...................................................................................................5第2章电磁场与电磁波....................................................................................62.1引言...........................................................................................................62.2电磁波的干涉与叠加...............................................................................62.3辐射场的三种情况...................................................................................72.4本章小结.................................................................................................10第3章天线的基本参数..................................................................................113.1引言.........................................................................................................113.2天线的分类.............................................................................................113.3天线方向图及相关参数.........................................................................123.3.1天线效率..........................................................................................153.3.2增益系数..........................................................................................153.3.3极化特性..........................................................................................163.3.4频带宽度..........................................................................................163.3.5输入阻抗..........................................................................................163.3.6有效长度..........................................................................................173.4本章小结.................................................................................................17第4章阵列天线分析与仿真..........................................................................184.1引言.........................................................................................................184.2二元阵天线.............................................................................................184.2.1二元阵在H面内的方向性函数.....................................................184.