中考英语复习：-难度较大的阅读文章含答案(五)

第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme，fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil，toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops，startingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares（公顷）ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨碍生长）plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics，mangroves（红树林）thatcreateswamps（沼泽）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean，aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop，allowingseawatertoseep（渗透）in.inLatinAmerica，irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated（蒸发）bytheheat，leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.Toovercometheseproblems，FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants‘growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop，butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown，FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain，providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue？ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.BTheyarericebreeders.CTheyarehusbandandwife.DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogrammeAtofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage？ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.Bthewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedbyA“influence”B“effect”C“stop”D“present”35TheattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectisApositiveBnegative.CsuspiciousDindifferent.第二篇Ford’sAssemblyLineWhenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifferenceinallourlives，youcannotoverlookHenryFord.AhistorianacenturyfromnowmightwellconcludethatitwasFordwhomostinfluencedallmanufacturing，everywhere，eventothisday，byintroducinganewwaytomakecars-one，strangetosay，thatoriginatedinslaughterhouses（屠宰场）。Backintheearly1900‘s，slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeencalleda“disassemblyline”。Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwouldspeedupproductionofapartofanautomobileenginecalledamagneto.Ratherthanhaveeachworkercompletelyassembleamagneto，oneofitselementswasplacedonaconveyer，andeachworker，asitpassed，addedanothercomponenttoit，thesameoneeachtime.ProfessorDavidHounshelloftheUniversityofDelaware，anexpertonindustrialdevelopment，tellswhathappened.“Thepreviousday，workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshadaveragedoneassemblyevery20minutes.Butonthatday，ontheline，theassembleteamaveragedoneevery13minutesand10secondsperperson.”Withinayear，thetimehadbeenreducedtofiveminutes.In1913，Fordwentalltheway.Hookedtogetherbyropes，partiallyassembledvehiclesweretowed（拖，拉）pastworkerswhocompletedthemonepieceatatime.Ithasn‘tlongbeforeFordwasturningoutseveralhundredthousandcarsayear，aremarkableachievementthen.Andsoefficientandeconomicalwasthisnewsystemthathecutthepriceofhiscarsinhalf，to$260，puttingthemwithinreachofallthosewho，upuntilthattime，couldnotaffordthem.Soon，automakerstheworldovercopiedhim.Infact，heencouragedthemtodosobywritingabookaboutallofhisinnovations，entitledTodayandTomorrow.TheAgeoftheAutomobilehasarrived.Today，aidedbyrobotsandotherformsofautomation（自动化），everythingfromtoasterstoperfumesismadeonassemblylines.36WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue?AHeintroducedanewwayofproduction.BHeinfluencedallmanufacturing.CHeinspiredotherautomakers.DHechangedahistorian’smind.37Thewritermentions”slaughterhouses”becausetheyweretheplaceswhereAFord’sassemblylineoriginatedBFordmadehisfirstcar.CFordreadjustedtheassemblyline.DFordinnovatedthedisassemblyline.38AmagnetoisatechnicaltermforAanautomobile.BaproductionlineCapartofanautomobileengine.Dadisassemblyline39thephrase”turningout”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedbyA“producing”B“selling”C“buying”D“fixing”40TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFordAtocreatemorejobsfortheunemployedBtowriteabookonhistoryCtoreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260Dtocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%第三篇PlayPlayistheprincipalbusinessofchildhood,andinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreatimportanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy