英语常用前缀后缀和词根

1/21英语常用前缀、后缀和词根2011/9USSTPartI前缀前缀改变词义1.a,ab,ac,ad,ag,al,ap,ar,as,at=to,at,for表示加强、附加、增加、方向、变化、完成abandon=a+ban(禁止)+onvt.放弃Theyhadtoabandontheship.abbreviate=ab(to)+brev(brief)vt.缩短，缩写accept=ac+cept(totake取)vt.接受achieve=a+chieve(chief)vt.获得，取得acquire=ac+quire(toseek追求)v.获得（知识、技能）cf.inquire=in+quirev.探问require=re+quirevt.要求admire=ad+mire(towonder←miracle)v.赞赏，敬仰→admirable,admireradvance=adv+ance(before先前)vi.前进aggressive=ag+gress(towalk行走)+iveadj.有侵略性的→aggressionn.侵略aloud=a+loudadv.大声地allocate=al+locate(toplace定位)v.分配，指派apply=ap+ply(tofold)vt.应用，申请arise=a+risev.出现，产生Newproblemsariseonebyone.arouse=a+rouse(rise)vt.唤醒Theorangecolorcanarouseappetite.cf.Raiseupyourhands!Thesunhasrisenup.arrange=ar+range(torank排位)vt.安排，整理arrest=ar+re(back)+st(tostand)vt.逮捕attract=at+tract(todraw拉，拽)vt.吸引await=a+waitvt.等待~sbawake=a+wakevt.唤醒~thesleepinglion2.ab,abs,ad=off,away.from离开，避开abnormal=ab+normaladj.反常的abortion=a+bor(tobeborn)+tionn.堕胎absorb=ab+sorb(tosuckup吸吮)v.吸收，吸取abuse=ab+usevt.滥用abrupt=ab+ruptadj.突然的abstract=abs+tractadj.抽象的n.摘要abundant=ab+und(bound束缚)+antadj.丰富的3.anti=against,oppositeto(与pro-相反)anti-abortionistn.反堕胎者anti-communistadj.反共的anti-Japaneseadj.the~War抗日战争anti-socialyoungmen反社会的年轻人4.bene=good,wellbenefit=bene+fit(=fact=do)做好事→vt.有益于beneficialadj.有益的benevolent=bene+vol(wish)+entadj.慈善的bonusn.奖金，红利（英语中的better,best与此词根有关）5.bi=double,two成双的，两个的bicycle=bi+cycle(圈)n.双轮车→自行车bilingual=bi+lingua(language语言)adj.双语的bimonthly=bi+month+lyadj.双月的n.双月刊biweekly=bi+week+lyadj.双周的n.双周刊6.dua,duo=double,twodoubleadj.双重的,v.使加倍doubt=beoftwominds(二心不定)vt.,n.怀疑dozen=do(du)+zen(ten)=2+10=12n.一打dual=du+al(形容词词尾)adj.二重的，两层的Shehasdualnationality.双重国籍dueln.决斗duetn.二重唱，二重奏Theyplayedaduet.7.twi=twotwiceadj.两次twilight=lightbetweendayandnightn.清晨;黄昏twinn.双生子twist=两股绳子绞在一起v.扭曲，缠卷8.tri=threetrianglen.三角triben.部落tricyclen.三轮车triplev.使成三倍n.三倍的Theproductiontripled.9.qua,quadr=fourquarter→一小时的四分之一=一刻钟quartetn.四重奏quarterlyn.季刊10.circum=around,roundaboutcirclen.圆圈circulatevi.流通2/21circularadj.循环的circuitn.一圈，一周；电路circumstance=circum+stan(tostand)+ce(名词词尾)n.环境，情况11.com,con,col=together,withcombat=com+bat(tobeat打)→彼此对打→v.战斗combine=com+bine(two)vt.结合，联合communicate=com+muni(tochange)+catev.交流compose=com+pose(toput)→放在一起→v.组成collaboration=col+labor+at(动词词尾)+ion共同劳动→n.合作collect=col+lect(togather集合)vt.收集concentrate=con+centr(中心)+ate（动词词尾）v.集中，专心conclude=con+clued(toclose)→一起关闭v.下结论cf.include=in+cludev.包括在内exclude=ex+cludev.排除在外conflict=con+flict(tostrike打)互相打→vi.冲突，矛盾conjunction=con+junc(tojoin)+tion结合起来n.连接词；结合，巧合consent=con+sent(tofeel感觉)→共同的感觉→vi.同意convoy=con+voy(way)同走一条路→n.护航，随行cf.convey=con+vey(way)归于同道vt.传达correct=cor+rect(right正确)vt.改正；adj.正确的12.contra，contro,counter=against反对，相反contradict=contra+dict(tospeak←dictation)v.反驳，否认contrary=conra+ary(形容词词尾)adj.相反的contrast=contra+st(tostand)v.对照，对比counterpart=counter+partn.相对的人或物encounter=en(使得)+counter使相遇vt.遇到13.de=down,downward往下，分离，否定，彻底debate=de(down)+bate(tobeat)→打倒→辩论deceive=de(away)+ceive(totake)→拿走→v.欺骗decide=de(off)+cide(tocut)→割开→v.决断，决定declare=de(thoroughly)+(clear)v.宣言，断言decrease=de(down)+crease(tomake)v.下降，减产cf.increase=in(up)+creasev.增加，增产deform=de(away)+formv.使残废depart=de(away)+partv.离开depict=de(thoroughly)+pict(topaint)v.描画14.dis=apart,away分离，除去，剥夺，反对，否定disable=dis+ablev.使丧失能力，使残废disagree=dis(not)+agreev.不同意disapprove=dis(not)+ap+provev.不赞成discourage=dis(apart剥夺)+couragev.使沮丧，使气馁disperse=dis(away)+sperse(toscatter分散)v.驱散dispose=dis(apart)+pose(toplace)v.处置display=dis(apart)+play(tofold折叠)v.将折叠起来的东西展开来使能看到→展示，阵列distinguish=dis(away)+tinguishv.区别，区分distant=dis(away)+stan(tostand)+tadj.远距离的15.en=in,into,on,at,near在内→使进入某种状态，使成为enactvt.使成为法律→制定法律enclosevt.围绕，包围，把……纳入encouragevt.使有勇气→鼓励enjoyvt.使高兴，享受enlargevt.使扩大enrichvt.使富有empowervt.使有力16.ex=outof向外的，彻底的exact=ex+actadj.精确的example=ex+ample(totake)n.例子exceed=ex+ceed(togo)v.超出，超越excel=ex+cel(torise)v.胜过，卓尔不群→excellentadj.优秀的，excellence优秀exchange=ex+changev.相互交换，交流exit=ex+it(togo)n.出口expand=ex+pand(tospread)v.扩展expect=ex+spect(tolook)v.期望，预料expire=ex+spire(tobreathe)v.吐气，期满educate=e+ducate(tolead导出)v.教导，教育elect=e+lect(toselect)v.选举eliminate=e+limi(tolimit限制)+nate（动词词尾）v.去除，消除17.extra=beyond超出extracurricularactivities课外活动extraordinaryadj.非同寻常的extremelyadv.非常地，极端地18.fore,for=before以前，之前,前面的forearmn.前臂，小臂forecastv.预报forefathern.祖先，前辈forefingern.食指forefrontn.前线3/21foregoingadj.前文叙述的foregroundn.前景foreheadn.前额foremostadv.首先forerunnern.先驱foreseev.预见，预知foretellv.预言；预测forewordn.序言forwardadv.向前地n.前锋v.转寄19.hemi=half半个的hemicyclen.半圆hemisphere=hemi+sphere(球体)n.半球20.homo=same相同的homogeneousadj.成分一致的(如国内学生班级)cf.heterogeneous成分混杂的（如国际班）homographn.同形异义词homophonen.同音词homosexualadj.同性恋的21.hetero=different不同种类的heterosexualadj.异性恋的22.in,il,im,ir=in,into,on内在的，进入某种状态的incomen.收入include=in+clude(←close关闭)v.包括在内increase=in+crease(togrow)n.增加cf.decrease降低，减少indooradj.~games室内运动inflation=in+flate(toblow吹气)n.向内吹气→使膨胀→通货膨胀influence=in+fluence(toflow流动)n.向内流动→使受影响inject=in+ject(tothrow投掷)v.向内注射→打针insert=in+sert(tojoin加入)v.嵌入，插入inspect=in+spec(tolook)v.向内看→视察involve=in+volve(toro