经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)

1经济术语价格术语tradeterm(priceterm)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值totalvalue卸货费landingcharges金额amount关税customsduty净价netprice印花税stampduty含佣价priceincludingcommission港口税portdues回佣returncommission装运港portofshipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港portofdischarge批发价wholesaleprice目的港portofdestination零售价retailprice进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spotprice出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forwardprice现行价格（时价）currentprice国际市场价格world(International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-freeonboard成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-costandfreight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insuranceandfreight裙带资本主义（CronyCapitalism）道德风险（MoralHazard）产权（propertyrights）公地悲剧（Tragedyofthecommons）垄断（monopoly）逆向选择（adverseselection）常用经济学术语：economist经济学家socialisteconomy社会主义经济capitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconomy计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy自由经济mixedeconomy混合经济politicaleconomy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守primarysector初级成分privatesector私营成分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicpolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中holdingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔2rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势infrastructure基本建设standardofliving生活标准,生活水平purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped不发达的developing发展中的initialcapital创办资本frozencapital冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcapital,workingcapital流动资本availablecapital可用资产capitalgoods资本货物reserve准备金,储备金callingupofcapital催缴资本allocationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcapitalfund周转基金revolvingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费,经费自给currentaccount经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)current-accountholder支票帐户(美作:checking-accountholder)cheque支票(美作:check)bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer无记名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票traveller'scheque旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement背书transfer转让,转帐,过户money货币issue发行readymoney现钱cash现金readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven现金交易,概不赊欠change零钱banknote,note钞票,纸币(美作:bill)topay(in)cash付现金domesticcurrency,localcurrency]本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可自由兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率foreignexchange外汇floatingexchangerate浮动汇率freeexchangerates自由汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate外汇兑换券hardcurrency硬通货speculation投机saving储装,存款depreciation减价,贬值devaluation(货币)贬值revaluation重估价runawayinflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capitalflight资本外逃stockexchange股票市场stockexchangecorporation证券交易所stockexchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation报价,牌价share股份,股票shareholder,stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股stockinvestment股票投资investmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber股票经纪人stockcompany,stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股3incomegain股利收入issue发行股票parvalue股面价格,票面价格bull买手,多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘closingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture债券WallStreet华尔街shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴output产出,产量producer生产者,制造者productive,producing生产的products,goods产品consumergoods消费品article物品,商品manufacturedgoods,finishedgoods制成品,产成品rawproduct初级产品semifinishedgoods半成品by-product副产品foodstuffs食品rawmaterial原料supply供应,补给input投入productivity生产率productiveness赢利性overproduction生产过剩农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animalhusbandry副业sidelineproduction渔业fishing第一产业primaryindustry第二产业secondaryindustry第三产业tertiaryindustry生产资料meansofproduction生活资料meansoflivelihood/subsistence生产关系relationsofproduction生产力productiveforces公有制publicownership私有制privateownership全民所有制ownershipbytheentire/wholepeople社会主义集体所有制socialistcollectiveownership厉行节约，反对浪费topracticestricteconomyandcombatwaste外资企业foreign-fundedenterprise合资企业jointventure合作企业cooperativeenterprise独资企业whollyforeignowned/fundedente