全新版大学英语快速阅读2原文

快速阅读21全新版大学英语快速阅读2Unit1HowtoStudyThereisalotofmisunderstandingaboutstudying.Moststudentshavenotbeentaughttheprinciplesbehindreallyeffectiveworking.Imagineagraphshowingtheamountapersonlearnsagainstthenumberofhoursheworksinaday.Ifhedoesn'tdoanywork,helearnsnothing(point0).Ifhedoesanhour'sworkhelearnsacertainamount(point1).Ifhedoestwohours'workhelearnsabouttwiceasmuch(point2).Ifhedoesmoreworkhe'lllearnstillmore(point3).However,ifhetriestodotwenty-threeandahalfhours'workinoneday,he'llbesotiredthathe'llhardlyrememberanything:whathelearnswillbeverylittle(point4).Ifhedidlessworkhe'dlearnmore(point5).Nowwhatevertheexactshapeofthegraph'scurve,madebyjoiningthesepoints,itmusthaveahighpoint.PointXistheverymaximumanyonecanlearnintheday.Andthisrepresentstheoptimum,thebest,amountofworktodo.Itisthebestpossiblecompromisebetweenadequatetimeatthebooksandfatigue.Fatigueisanabsolutelyrealthing;快速阅读22onecan'tescapeitorignoreit.Ifyoutrytoignoreitandpressyourselftoworkpasttheoptimum,youwillonlygetonthisdownwardslopeandachievelessthanthebest—andthenbecomeverytiredandloseyourpowerofconcentration.Theskillinbeingastudentconsistsofgettingone'sdailystudyasneartheoptimumpointaspossible.Icannottellyouwhattheoptimumis.Itdifferswiththetypeofwork,itdiffersfrompersontoperson,andeveninthesamepersonitvariesfromweektoweek.Youmusttrytofindyourown.Everydayyoustudy,bearthisprincipleoftheoptimuminmind.Whenyoufeelyourselfgettingfatigued,ifyoufindyourselfreadingthesameparagraphoverandoveragainandnottakingitin,that'saprettygoodsignyou'vereachedyourhighestpointforthedayandshouldstop.Mostordinarystudentsfindtheiroptimumataboutfivehoursaday.Yoursmaybealittlemoreoralittleless—butifyougetinfivehours'goodworkaday,youwillbedoingwell.Now,whatareyoudoingwithyourselfwhenyouaren'tworking?Beforeexaminationssomestudentsdonothingatallexceptsitinachairandworry.Hereisanothermisunderstanding.Peopleoftenthinkthatthemindworkslikethebody;itdoesnot.Ifonewantedtosaveone'sphysicalenergyinordertocutthemaximumamountoffirewood,onewouldlieflatonabedandrestwhenonewasn'tchopping.Butthemindcannotrest.Eveninsleepyoudream,evenifyouforgetyourdreams.Themindis快速阅读23alwaysturning.Itgetsitsrelaxationonlybyvariety.Thatiswhatmakesthemindrest.Whenyou'vefinishedyouroptimumnumberofhoursyoumuststop.Youmustnotthensitaroundinthechairthinkingaboutthework—thatonlytireswithoutanylearning.Youmustgetoutanddosomething.Itdoesn'tmatterwhat—anythingsolongasyouareactivelydoingsomethingelsebutwork.LearningtoKeepYouCoolDuringTestsHaveyoueverfeltsoanxiousduringanexaminationthatyoucouldn'tevenputdowntheanswersyouknew?Ifso,youweresufferingfromwhatisknownastestanxiety.AccordingtopsychologistRalphTrimble,testanxietyisaveryrealproblemformanypeople.Whenyou'reworriedoveryourperformanceonanexam,yourheartbeatsfasterandyourpulsespeedsup.Thesereactionsstartothers:Youmaysweatmorethannormalorsufferfromastomachacheorheadache.Yourfieldofvisionnarrowsandbecomestunnel-like.Beforeyouknowit,you'rehavingdifficultyfocusing.WhatIhearstudentssayoverandoveragain,saysDr.Trimble,whoisworkingatthePsychologicalandCounselingCenterattheUniversityofIllinois,is,'Mymindwentblank.'快速阅读24Foranumberofyears,Dr.Trimblehelpedmanystudentslearnhowtoperformbetterduringexamsandtobringuptheirgrades.Someofthesestudentswereinterestedinsharingwhattheylearnedand,withTrimble'shelp,beganholdingworkshopsonovercomingtestanxiety.Formanystudents,justbeinginaworkshopwithothersufferersmadethemfeelbetter.Theyrealizedthattheywerenottheonlyoneswhohaddonepoorlyontestsbecauseoftension.Theworkshopsweresosuccessfulthattheyarestillgiven.Intheworkshops,studentsaretaughtthatanxietyisnormal.Youjusthavetopreventitfromgettingthebestofyou.Thefirststepistolearntorelax.Ifbeforeorduringanexaminationyoustarttopanic,stretchashardasyoucan,tensingthemusclesinyourarmsandlegs;thensuddenlyrelaxallofthem.Thiswillhelprelievetension.Butkeepinmindthatyoudon'twanttobetoorelaxed.Beingcompletelyrelaxedisnobetterthanbeingtootense.Ifyouaresocalmyoudon'tcarehowyoudoonanexamination,youwon'tdowell,Trimblesays.Thereisanoptimumlevelofconcernwhenyouperformatyourbest.Somestresshelps.Therearepeoplewhocan'ttakeevenslightstress.Theyhavetolearnthatinachallengingsituation,beinganxiouslyexcitedisgoodandwillhelpthemtodobetter.Butiftheycallitanxietyandsay,'It'sgoingtohitmeagain,'thatwillmakethemnervousandworried.快速阅读25Asastudentyoumustalsorealizethatifyouleavetoomuchstudyinguntiladayortwobeforetheexamination,youcan'tdotheimpossibleandlearnitall.Instead,concentrateonwhatyoucandoandtrytothinkwhatquestionsarelikelytobeaskedandwhatyoucandointhetimeleftforstudying.Whenyousitdowntostudy,setamoderatepaceandvaryitbyreading,writingnotes,andgoingoveranypapersyouhavealreadywrittenforthecourse,aswellasthetextbooksandnotesyoutookinclass.Reviewwhatyouknow.Takebreaksandgotosleepearlyenoughtogetagoodnight'srestbeforetheexam.Youshouldalsoeatamoderatebreakfastorlunch,avoidingdrinkslikecoffeeandstayawayfromfellowstudentswhogettense.Panicspreadseasily.Gettotheexamroomafewminutesearlysothatyouwillhaveachancetofamiliarizeyourselfwit